成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
Who's got their electric car act together?

Who's got their electric car act together?

Alex Taylor 2010年09月06日

????Automakers are operating in terra incognita as they prepare for the biggest change in the way cars are powered in a century. As they begin to add battery-powered cars to their lineups, they will have to solve some fundamental problems about how the cars are built and sold.

????For engineers, the questions include:

????? Should automakers be technology leaders or fast followers?

????? Should they develop their own batteries or leave that to specialists?

????? Should they focus on one technology or hedge their bets with several?

????For marketers, the issues are:

????? Should automakers use existing body styles and model names or create new ones?

????? Should they start slowly and wait for demand to develop or try to grab market share immediately?

????? Should they distribute cars through existing dealer networks or start from scratch?

????There are few guideposts to follow. The only equivalent parallel in recent history has been the launch of the hybrid gas-electric vehicle, where, arguably, only one company has been successful.

????That is Toyota (TM), which unlike most other manufacturers, built a hybrid-specific car, the Prius. The car's unique character attracted early adopters as well as the environmentally-conscious who wanted to visibly demonstrate their commitment, and Toyota promoted it effectively.

????Honda tried to drive the same road with its own hybrid, the Insight. But both the first- and second-generation vehicles sold poorly.

????Other automakers installed their gas-electric powertrains in existing models, essentially making the hybrid device an option. The cars lacked a distinctive identity, most have suffered weak sales.

????If there lessons to be learned from Prius, they haven't been reflected in current battery-electric strategies, no two of which seem to be alike.

????Two French automakers, for instance, are using sharply different approaches.

????PSA is limiting its risks. It will launch its first electric vehicle a year from now under both its brands, Citroen and Peugeot. But while it is marketing the cars under unique names, Citroen C-Zero and Peugeot Ion, the cars themselves are being outsourced; they will be produced by Japan's Mitsubishi Motors. The planned volumes will be low, 20,000 units per year; and the price will be high, about $44,000 before government incentives.

????By comparison, Renault has jumped into the market with both feet. It expects to sell 200,000 units a year of its electric car, the Fluence Z.E. (for zero emission), which it developed with its corporate partner, Nissan, and its price reflects those aspirations. The car alone will sell for about $20,000; the battery will be leased separately.

????A similar split exists in the U.S. Determined to flex its technological muscles, General Motors has devised a unique battery-gas engine powertrain, inserted it into a new body, and given the resulting vehicle a distinctive new name: the Chevrolet Volt.

Chevrolet Volt

????Ford (F, Fortune 500) is taking a more conservative approach. Rather than make a unique electric vehicle, Ford plans to make battery propulsion systems an option on its top-selling cars. That way, it argues, it can make a variety of powertrains -- full electric, gas-electric hybrid, diesel, or standard gasoline -- on the same assembly line. In theory, the variety protects Ford against swings in market preference -- or having a single vehicle singled out as a market flop.

????Another key question revolves around batteries: Develop and manufacture your own or buy them from a supplier? GM is making its own batteries, as is Daimler, which is forthright about its belief in the strategic necessity of proprietary battery technology. It believes that since batteries are essential to the functionality of electric vehicles and central to their operation, good ones can provide an enormous competitive advantage.

掃碼打開財(cái)富Plus App
亚洲国产精品久久电影欧美| 国产精品成人一级黄国产黄三级看| 亚洲欧洲日产国码无码av喷潮| 欧美日韩内地人妻| 伊人www22综合色| 久久精品国产亚洲AV果冻传媒| 超碰在线视频人人湿人人澡| 日本免费a级片qq视频| 99精品免费无码视频在线观看| 欧美黑人日韩三级破处女视频污片| 亚洲乱码一区二区三区在线观看| 久久久久久国产精品免费免费男同| 国产午夜电影在线观看| 中文字幕日韩精品中文区| 国产精品天天看特色大片互動交流| 国产成人精品月日本亚洲语音| 九九精品亚洲一区二区三| 蜜臀AV免费一区二区三区| 天天爱天天做天天添天天欢| 在线观看国产精品乱码APP| 国产成人精品一区二区三在线观看| 国产3p露脸在线视频| 亚洲精品日产精品乱码不卡| 久久热最新地址获取日本免费一区香蕉视频| 人妻av乱片aV出轨中文字幕v| 亚洲精中文字幕无码专区| 无码免费v片在线观看| 一级做a爰片久久毛片美女| 男警察自己解下警裤自慰| 色噜噜综合亚洲av中文无码| 无码人妻精品一区二区三区久久久| 无码精品人妻一区二区涩爱| 日韩精品成人无码亚洲AV无码| 无毒不卡在线观看无需下载| 日韩AV在线中文字幕高清| 粗大黑人巨精大战欧美成人| 忘忧草社区在线www韩国| 日韩免费精品一区二区三区| 99久久精品免费看国产99| 免费国产自在在线视频| 人人爽人人爽人人片av免费|