成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
Who's got their electric car act together?

Who's got their electric car act together?

Alex Taylor 2010年09月06日

????Automakers are operating in terra incognita as they prepare for the biggest change in the way cars are powered in a century. As they begin to add battery-powered cars to their lineups, they will have to solve some fundamental problems about how the cars are built and sold.

????For engineers, the questions include:

????? Should automakers be technology leaders or fast followers?

????? Should they develop their own batteries or leave that to specialists?

????? Should they focus on one technology or hedge their bets with several?

????For marketers, the issues are:

????? Should automakers use existing body styles and model names or create new ones?

????? Should they start slowly and wait for demand to develop or try to grab market share immediately?

????? Should they distribute cars through existing dealer networks or start from scratch?

????There are few guideposts to follow. The only equivalent parallel in recent history has been the launch of the hybrid gas-electric vehicle, where, arguably, only one company has been successful.

????That is Toyota (TM), which unlike most other manufacturers, built a hybrid-specific car, the Prius. The car's unique character attracted early adopters as well as the environmentally-conscious who wanted to visibly demonstrate their commitment, and Toyota promoted it effectively.

????Honda tried to drive the same road with its own hybrid, the Insight. But both the first- and second-generation vehicles sold poorly.

????Other automakers installed their gas-electric powertrains in existing models, essentially making the hybrid device an option. The cars lacked a distinctive identity, most have suffered weak sales.

????If there lessons to be learned from Prius, they haven't been reflected in current battery-electric strategies, no two of which seem to be alike.

????Two French automakers, for instance, are using sharply different approaches.

????PSA is limiting its risks. It will launch its first electric vehicle a year from now under both its brands, Citroen and Peugeot. But while it is marketing the cars under unique names, Citroen C-Zero and Peugeot Ion, the cars themselves are being outsourced; they will be produced by Japan's Mitsubishi Motors. The planned volumes will be low, 20,000 units per year; and the price will be high, about $44,000 before government incentives.

????By comparison, Renault has jumped into the market with both feet. It expects to sell 200,000 units a year of its electric car, the Fluence Z.E. (for zero emission), which it developed with its corporate partner, Nissan, and its price reflects those aspirations. The car alone will sell for about $20,000; the battery will be leased separately.

????A similar split exists in the U.S. Determined to flex its technological muscles, General Motors has devised a unique battery-gas engine powertrain, inserted it into a new body, and given the resulting vehicle a distinctive new name: the Chevrolet Volt.

Chevrolet Volt

????Ford (F, Fortune 500) is taking a more conservative approach. Rather than make a unique electric vehicle, Ford plans to make battery propulsion systems an option on its top-selling cars. That way, it argues, it can make a variety of powertrains -- full electric, gas-electric hybrid, diesel, or standard gasoline -- on the same assembly line. In theory, the variety protects Ford against swings in market preference -- or having a single vehicle singled out as a market flop.

????Another key question revolves around batteries: Develop and manufacture your own or buy them from a supplier? GM is making its own batteries, as is Daimler, which is forthright about its belief in the strategic necessity of proprietary battery technology. It believes that since batteries are essential to the functionality of electric vehicles and central to their operation, good ones can provide an enormous competitive advantage.

掃碼打開財(cái)富Plus App
日韩欧美精品一区二区永久在线| 让少妇高潮无乱码高清| 国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频视频一区二区三区| 曰批全过程免费视频观看软件下载| 在线高清一级无码| 国产精品不卡在线观看| 人人人澡人人肉人人精品| 国产A级毛片久久久毛片精品毛片| 激情内射亚洲一区二区三区爱妻| 免费人成在线观看网站品爱网日本| 亚洲午夜成激人情在线影院| 中文字幕 精品三区 | 高清看男人插曲女人视频| 国产亚洲一区二区手机在线观看 | 2020亚洲中文字幕久在线| 亚洲精品第一国产综合精品| 国产精品无码v在线观看| 免费午夜无码片在线观看影院| 99久久99久久久精品齐齐| 麻豆亚洲AV熟女国产一区二| 亚洲成在人线a免费日本免费一区香蕉视频| 国产日韩欧美一区二区三区在线| 99热精品毛片全部国产无缓冲| 小sao货水好多真紧h无码视频| 日本精品啪啪一区二区三区| 一本加勒比HEZYO无码资源网| 亚洲精品国产AV成拍色拍婷婷| 国产精品高清一区二区三区| 国产无人区卡一卡二卡三乱码网站| 91麻豆精品国产自产在线观看一区| 狠狠做深爱婷婷久久综合一区| 国产精品久久久久久久久免费| 亚洲国产成人综合精品| 永久不封国产毛片AV网煮站| 曰韩欧美亚洲美日更新在线| 亚洲AV无码一区二区三区少妇o| JK浴室自慰到不停喷水尿失禁| 日韩人妻不卡一区二区三区| 在线观看91精品国产麻豆蜜桃| 国产一区二区视频在线播放| 亚洲AV无码乱观看明星换脸VA|