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英國(guó)石油重啟鉆井作業(yè),石油巨頭金剛不敗

英國(guó)石油重啟鉆井作業(yè),石油巨頭金剛不敗

Shelley DuBois 2011-10-31
石油巨頭們的犯錯(cuò)門檻如此之高,一如市場(chǎng)對(duì)能源的需求,因此很難想象,到底得犯下多大的錯(cuò)誤,它們才會(huì)真正受到懲罰。

????上周,英國(guó)石油公司(BP)收獲頗豐。這家公司不僅在上周一公布了好于預(yù)期的營(yíng)收業(yè)績(jī),27日,它又獲準(zhǔn)在墨西哥灣重啟石油鉆探,自去年釀成巨災(zāi)的漏油事故以來(lái),這還是頭一次。雖然仍處于“修復(fù)模式”(repair mode),但該公司似乎正在重回正軌,并正加速重返墨西哥灣地區(qū)的石油鉆探領(lǐng)域。

????本周,媒體對(duì)BP的報(bào)道一直表現(xiàn)得謹(jǐn)慎樂觀,與一年半以前的情形有著天壤之別。2010年4月,BP一個(gè)鉆探平臺(tái)火光沖天的照片在各大媒體廣為流傳,大眾對(duì)BP的怒火也隨之蔓延。當(dāng)時(shí)起火的平臺(tái)屬于瑞士近海石油鉆探商Transocean公司,由BP運(yùn)營(yíng)。平臺(tái)爆炸引起原油大量外泄,致使BP無(wú)法控制——為了阻止原油大量流入墨西哥灣海域,公司用了整整86天時(shí)間進(jìn)行各種嘗試,其間數(shù)次努力未果。而BP的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層似乎對(duì)此充耳不聞,行動(dòng)遲緩。當(dāng)時(shí),11名工人在Horizon平臺(tái)上死于非命,時(shí)任公司首席執(zhí)行官的托尼?海沃德卻說(shuō),他希望生活重回正軌。坊間甚至一度猜測(cè),這家石油巨頭可能將宣告破產(chǎn)。

????上周,各大石油公司開始公布收入,BP王者歸來(lái)。與去年同一財(cái)季相比,BP的利潤(rùn)幾乎增長(zhǎng)兩倍,從18億美元增至49億美元,凈收入則增長(zhǎng)31%,達(dá)到了976億美元。

收入猛增的幕后故事

????凈收入猛增部分原因在于與漏油事故有關(guān)的巨額成本所致,這些成本去年還停留于公司的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上。外界要求BP就此發(fā)表評(píng)論,但它未作出回應(yīng)。目前,這家公司仍在經(jīng)受那場(chǎng)災(zāi)難所帶來(lái)的財(cái)務(wù)劇痛的折磨。與去年同一財(cái)季相比,BP本財(cái)季的收入跌幅略低于4%,從55億美元跌至53億美元,主要是因?yàn)樗u出了可處置資產(chǎn)及儲(chǔ)備現(xiàn)金為漏油造成的損失買單。這也意味著,BP的石油產(chǎn)量并不如去年同期。與去年同期相比,其產(chǎn)量下降了12%,減至每日330萬(wàn)桶。BP2011年第三財(cái)季的收益報(bào)告稱,公司最終將為漏油事故付出多大代價(jià)目前尚不得而知。

????毫無(wú)疑問,BP面臨著重大的考驗(yàn)。鉆探石油的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)日益增大,這主要是由于與政局不穩(wěn)的外國(guó)政府合作所帶來(lái)的政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn),還有勘探深海區(qū)域這類需要高技術(shù)的領(lǐng)域所帶來(lái)的實(shí)際風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

????但是所有石油公司幾乎都面臨著這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而且恰恰是這這些公司,BP也不例外,都時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備從高企的油價(jià)中大獲其利。??松凸荆‥xxon)今天上午宣布,拜高油價(jià)所賜,與去年同期相比,其營(yíng)收猛增41%,達(dá)到了103億美元,而其產(chǎn)量則相對(duì)持平。而華爾街的機(jī)構(gòu)則正期待著雪佛龍石油公司(Chevron)28日上午也將宣布巨額的營(yíng)收。

????因此,盡管必須為在美國(guó)水域所造成的有史以來(lái)最為嚴(yán)重的漏油事故負(fù)責(zé),BP還是安然無(wú)恙。盡管人們對(duì)BP在深海的安全措施表示強(qiáng)烈抗議,這家公司照樣大舉上馬了更多的海上勘探項(xiàng)目。就在本財(cái)季,BP獲得了在特立尼達(dá)和多巴哥(拉丁美洲島國(guó)——譯注)附近深海區(qū)域進(jìn)行鉆井勘探的租約。獲準(zhǔn)在墨西哥灣鉆探的許可后,它還有望在這一地區(qū)獲得更多類似的鉆探許可。而墨西哥灣正是BP獲利豐厚的重要地區(qū)。

????It's been a big week for BP. Not only did it report better-than-expected earnings on Monday, but yesterday it received the first permit to resume drilling in the Gulf of Mexico since the catastrophic oil spill last year. The company appears to be on track, albeit in repair mode, and gearing up for a kind of drilling homecoming in the Gulf.

????The press around the company this week has been cautiously positive. This is a far cry from what it was over a year and a half ago. In April 2010, outrage at BP (BP) spread as pictures of a burning oil rig, owned by Transocean (RIG) and operated by BP, circulated through the press. The explosion on the rig caused a well leak that the company couldn't control -- it took 86 days and several failed attempts to stop the crude from hemorrhaging into Gulf waters. BP's leadership seemed tone-deaf and slow. Then-CEO Tony Hayward said he wanted his life back, when 11 workers had died on the Horizon rig. And there was even speculation that the oil giant would go bankrupt.

????Now, BP is holding its own during Big Oil earnings week. The energy company's profits nearly doubled from the same quarter last year, from $1.8 billion to $4.9 billion. Net revenue increased by about 31% to $97.6 billion.

Behind the earnings jump

????The sizable jump in net income comes partly on account of the immense spill-related costs that were on the company's balance sheet last year. And BP, which did not respond to a request for comment, is still feeling financial pangs from the disaster. This quarter's earnings declined by just under 4% from the same quarter the previous year, from $5.3 billion to $5.5 billion, in part due to BP's efforts to sell expendable assets and stash cash to pay for damages. This has meant BP hasn't produced as much oil. Its production decreased by about 12% from a year earlier to the equivalent of 3.3. million barrels a day. Ultimately, it's unclear how much the spill will cost the company, the 2011 third quarter earnings report said.

????Certainly, BP has significant exposure. It has become increasingly dangerous to drill oil on account of political risks tied to allying with unstable foreign governments, as well as physical risks such as exploring highly technical terrain like deep water.

????But pretty much every oil company faces those same risks. And just about every company, BP included, is poised to profit off of the high price of oil. Exxon (XOM) reported this morning that earnings jumped 41% to $10.3 billion compared to the same time last year, thanks to the high price of oil, but it's production levels remained fairly flat. And Wall Street expects Chevron (CVX) to report high earnings tomorrow morning.

????So despite being responsible for the worst spill in U.S. waters, BP is fine. And despite the outcry against BP's safety practices in deep water, the company is pushing onward with more offshore projects. Just this quarter, BP received leases to drill in new deepwater blocks off the coast of Trinidad and Tobago. The company also expects other permits to follow the one it received yesterday to drill in the Gulf, BP's bread-and-butter region.

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