成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
中國玩具制造商的悲情假日

中國玩具制造商的悲情假日

Wenguang Huang 2011-12-26
全球經(jīng)濟不確定性帶來的需求疲軟、棉花等原材料價格的不斷攀升等等因素自然是中國第三季度玩具市場不景氣的原因。但政府官員和制造商認為,人民幣升值以及因遵守美國和歐盟嚴苛的安全標準而產(chǎn)生的高額成本才是加劇中國玩具行業(yè)困境、迫使許多企業(yè)倒閉的罪魁禍首。而最終為此買單的,將是美國消費者。

????47歲的廣東商人張順林(音譯)一年到頭都在說圣誕節(jié)和感恩節(jié),但并不了解它們的來歷。他認為,感恩節(jié)是“西方人感謝上帝賜?!钡淖诮坦?jié)日,而圣誕節(jié)就像是中國的春節(jié)。

????但他非常清楚這兩個節(jié)日在生意上的重要性。張順林與姐姐和姐夫在廣東?。ㄖ袊?0%的出口玩具都是在這個南方省份制造的)經(jīng)營一家玩具廠和一家批發(fā)商店。他說,這個節(jié)日季節(jié)并沒有帶給他多大的欣喜。源自美國客戶的訂單較去年銳減了25%。他做生意以來第一次拒絕了幾個長期訂單,原因是原材料成本飆漲,而且遵守他所稱的美國“不合理的”法律也大幅提升了經(jīng)營成本。他的姐姐和姐夫明年都不打算干了。

????面臨困境的不止張順林一個人。《廣州日報》(the Guangzhou Daily)最近刊發(fā)的一篇文章認為,對于中國玩具制造商而言,這個圣誕節(jié)是“史上最糟糕的”。政府官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,第三季度,出口至美國和歐洲的禮品和玩具較去年同期下降了20%,這兩個市場通常占總出口量的一半以上。在2011年的廣交會(Canton Fair 2011)上,來自美國的玩具訂單較去年下降了24%。作為中國最大的貿(mào)易博覽會,廣交會一直扮演著中國出口行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊的角色。

????因全球經(jīng)濟不確定性而出現(xiàn)的需求疲軟、棉花等原材料價格的不斷攀升等等因素當然是第三季度玩具市場不景氣的原因。但政府官員和制造商認為,人民幣升值以及因遵守美國和歐盟嚴苛的安全標準而產(chǎn)生的高額成本才是加劇玩具行業(yè)困境、迫使許多企業(yè)倒閉的罪魁禍首。

利潤空間收窄

????中國大多數(shù)玩具廠商都是所謂的“原始設(shè)備制造商(OEM)”,它們生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)品均貼有某家外國公司的標簽。江蘇玩具制造商楊春梅(音譯)說,為了保持競爭力,玩具廠商都把利潤率控制在2%到3%這個區(qū)間內(nèi)。她說:“人民幣升值,以及為遵守相關(guān)法規(guī)而導致的額外成本,有可能完全吞掉我們的利潤?!?/p>

????楊春梅的工廠專營12種毛絨玩具和玩具車。她說,由于來自美國大型零售商的大宗訂單源源不斷,她的處境要比張順林稍微好一點。然而,跟去年相比,她的利潤已經(jīng)下降了15%以上,部分原因在于,人民幣今年又升值了2.5%。2005年以來,在華盛頓的重壓之下,人民幣已升值了約30%。

????對于中國玩具行業(yè)來說,美國國會于2008年8月份通過的法規(guī)無異于雪上加霜。此前,中國產(chǎn)玩具因油漆含鉛量嚴重超標而導致了數(shù)起召回事件。這項法律要求玩具制造商和供應商分三個階段減少兒童(12歲以下)玩具表面涂層的鉛含量,并且要求其產(chǎn)品必須經(jīng)過具備資質(zhì)的獨立實驗室的檢驗和認可。

????Zhang Shunlin, a 47-year-old businessman from China's southern province of Guangdong, talks about Christmas and Thanksgiving year round but has no idea of their origins. He thinks Thanksgiving is a religious holiday when "Westerners thank the blessings of God" and Christmas is just like the Chinese New Year.

????But he knows their commercial significance all too well. Zhang operates a toy factory and a wholesale store with his sister and brother-in-law in Guangdong province, where 60% of China's exported toys are made. He says this holiday season has not brought much joy. Orders from his U.S. clients have plummeted 25% from last year. For the first time, he had to decline several long-term orders because of the soaring cost of raw materials and implementing what he calls America's "unreasonable" laws. His sister and brother-in-law are planning to leave the business next year.

????Zhang isn't alone. The Guangzhou Daily recently called this Christmas "the worst" for Chinese toymakers. In the third quarter, the official government statistics show that gifts and toys exported to the U.S. and Europe, which normally make up more than half of the total export volume, fell 20% from last year. At the recent Canton Fair 2011, the largest trade fair in China and a bellwether for China's export volumes, transaction orders in toys from the U.S. decreased by 24% from last year.

????Weak demand from global economic uncertainty and rising prices of raw materials like cotton certainly contributed to a sluggish third quarter. But government officials and manufacturers blame a stronger Chinese currency and the high cost of complying with stringent safety standards imposed by the U.S. and EU for compounding the problems and forcing them out of business.

Profit margin squeeze

????The majority of Chinese toy producers are original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), which make products that are sold abroad under a foreign company's label. In order to stay competitive, they make profit margins as low as 2% to 3%, says Yang Chunmei, a toy manufacturer in the southeast Jiangxu province. "The currency appreciation and any additional costs that have gone into regulatory compliance have the potential to completely wipe out our profits," she says.

????Yang specializes in 12 kinds of plush toys and mini-cars. She says the steady stream of orders from large-volume orders from big U.S. retailers have put her in a slightly better position than Zhang. However, compared with last year, her profits have decreased more than 15% partially because the yuan has gained another 2.5% this year. Since 2005, under pressure from Washington, the yuan has risen about 30%.

????Adding to their troubles are regulations passed by Congress in August 2008, after several recalls of China-made toys containing excessive levels of lead paint. The law requires toy manufacturers and suppliers to reduce in three phases the amount of lead contained in the surface coatings of children's toys (ages 12 and under) and have their products tested and certified in independent, accredited laboratories.

掃描二維碼下載財富APP
国产精自产拍久久久久久蜜| 成人小说亚洲一区二区三区| 三年片在线观看免费观看大全| 国产亚洲精品第一综合另类| 日韩另类一区二区三区| 久久精品毛片免费观看| 久久久无码国产精品免费不卡| 办公室挺进市长美妇雪臀| 国产香线蕉手机视频在线观看| 国产高清精品一区二区不卡| 亚洲欧美中文日韩v在线中文字幕| 久久久久久精品免费视频| d91精品国产综合久久不| 高潮毛片无遮挡高清免费视频| 久久久久无码精品国产| 精品国产一区二区三区不卡在线| 亚洲美女ZOZO精品毛片| 久久99精品久久久久久无毒不卡| 一级做a爰片久久毛片50岁| 国产综合亚洲专区在线视频免费| 国产99久久久久久免费看| 成人AV鲁丝片一区二区免费| 日本不卡在线视频二区三区| 午夜黄色福利18禁在线网址| 一二三四日本中文在线| 日韩视频中文字幕精品| 成人A毛片免费视频观看| 97成人无码免费一区二区中文| 国产免费AV片无码永久免费看| 久久久久高潮毛片免费全部播放| 国产刺激男女视频在线| 亚洲欧美精品综合在线观看| 专区发布国产午夜精品一区二区| 亚洲伊人一本大道中文字幕| 无码专区狠狠躁躁天天躁| 黄色网页在线播放| 伊人久久大香线焦AV综合影院| 日韩人妻潮喷观看| 日本特黄特色aaa大片免费| 国产AV无码专区亚洲AWWW| 免费看美女尿口软件app大全|