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華爾街超級(jí)富豪還沒搞明白

華爾街超級(jí)富豪還沒搞明白

Nin-Hai Tseng 2011-12-30
闊綽的金融家們企圖把“占領(lǐng)華爾街”運(yùn)動(dòng)變成一場(chǎng)貧富之爭(zhēng)。但他們并不了解,其實(shí)美國(guó)人并不是不加選擇地憎恨富人,他們恨的只是金融界的富豪。

????不要因?yàn)槲矣绣X就恨我。

????摩根大通(JP Morgan)首席執(zhí)行官杰米?戴蒙就是這么說的,此君也是美國(guó)六大銀行中薪酬最高的高管。據(jù)彭博社(Bloomberg)報(bào)道,戴蒙在紐約的一次投資者會(huì)議上被聽眾問道如何看待銀行家遭遇的敵意時(shí),他顯得困惑不解。

????“(他們的)行為就好像所有成功者都是壞人。因?yàn)槟阌绣X,你就是壞。,對(duì)此我不能理解,”2010年薪酬總額達(dá)到2,300萬美元的戴蒙說道。

????戴蒙根本沒搞明白。事實(shí)上,美國(guó)人并不認(rèn)為富人就是“壞蛋”。正如投資顧問兼博主喬舒亞?布朗所說,美國(guó)人長(zhǎng)期以來一直有一種情結(jié),崇拜難以企及的富有。從依附豪門的卡戴珊們到家庭主婦,這種情結(jié)是難以數(shù)計(jì)的“真人秀”節(jié)目存在的基礎(chǔ),;也是為何凱特?米德爾頓和威廉王子的皇家婚禮轉(zhuǎn)播能吸引數(shù)百萬人觀看、以及為何名流們總能讓狗仔隊(duì)長(zhǎng)盛不衰的原因。

????而且,看起來美國(guó)人也并不認(rèn)為美國(guó)骯臟的富人太多了。蓋洛普(Gallup)6月份的財(cái)富觀點(diǎn)調(diào)查(早在“占領(lǐng)華爾街”運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)前幾個(gè)月已經(jīng)啟動(dòng))顯示,42%(最高值)的人認(rèn)為美國(guó)富人數(shù)量“正好”,31%的人認(rèn)為“太多”,27%的人認(rèn)為“太少”。

????而且,美國(guó)最富有的1%不一定是99%低收入者嫉妒的對(duì)象。11月末進(jìn)行的另外一項(xiàng)蓋洛普調(diào)查中,美國(guó)人(家庭年收入中值約5萬美元)表示,如果每年能掙15萬美元,他們就自詡為富人。不用說,這樣的收入對(duì)于美國(guó)億萬富翁而言簡(jiǎn)直就是九牛一毛。

????引發(fā)美國(guó)人怒火的并不是富人們的錢。正如占領(lǐng)華爾街人士集會(huì)口號(hào)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣,它關(guān)乎財(cái)富如何分配。而且可能更重要的是,財(cái)富獲得的途徑。

????摩根大通是與美國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)崩潰相關(guān)訴訟案有牽連的少數(shù)幾家大銀行之一。最新一起訴訟是馬薩諸塞州檢察官于本月初指控,摩根大通和其他四家銀行存在非法取消抵押贖回權(quán)的行為,同時(shí)還欺騙了房屋所有人。對(duì)于早已因?yàn)闆]收軍屬房屋而被指不當(dāng)?shù)哪Ω笸ǘ裕@些事情自然無助于改善其公眾形象。摩根大通在4月份了結(jié)此案,同意就多收服役人員房屋貸款服務(wù)費(fèi)的指控支付5,600萬美元 。

????因此,戴蒙等人看來還是不得要領(lǐng):美國(guó)人不是鄙夷所有的富人。他們沒有在馬克?扎克伯格的家門口游行示威,沒有貶低斯蒂夫?喬布斯的個(gè)人財(cái)富,也沒有因?yàn)榈吕锟?基特(美國(guó)職棒大聯(lián)盟超級(jí)明星——譯注)的高薪酬而抵制紐約揚(yáng)基隊(duì)(New York Yankees)的比賽。成功者不是壞人,富人也不是壞人。關(guān)鍵在于你的財(cái)富是怎么來的。

????Don't hate me because I'm rich.

????So says JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon, the highest paid executive among the six biggest U.S. banks. At an investors' conference in New York, Bloomberg reported that Dimon grew mystified when someone in the audience asked him about hostility toward bankers.

????"Acting like everyone who's been successful is bad and because you're rich you're bad, I don't understand it," said Dimon, whose 2010 compensation totaled $23 million.

????Dimon just doesn't get it. It's not that Americans think the rich are "bad." Actually, as investment advisor and blogger Joshua Brown points out, the nation has long been fascinated by the untouchably wealthy. It's the basis for countless reality shows, from the Kardashians to the housewives; it's why millions tuned in for the royal wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince William this year; it's why celebrities keep the paparazzi in business.

????And it's not as if Americans think there's too many of the filthy rich running around. In a June Gallup Poll on wealth (taken several months before the start of the Occupy Wall Street movement), 42% (the highest number) said the number of rich people in the country was "just right," compared with 31% who said there were "too many" and 27% reporting "too few."

????And the nation's wealthiest 1% aren't necessarily the envy of the bottom 99%. In a separate Gallup Poll conducted in late November, Americans (which earn a median annual household income of roughly $50,000) say they would consider themselves rich if they made $150,000 a year. Needless to say, that's pennies to the nation's billionaires.

????What's irking Americans isn't that the rich are simply rich. To underscore the rallying cries of Occupy Wall Street-ers, it comes down to how wealth is distributed. And perhaps more importantly, how it's gained.

????JP Morgan (JPM) is one of a handful of major banks tangled in lawsuits tied to collapse of the U.S. financial market. The latest, filed earlier this month by Massachusetts, alleges that JP Morgan and four other banks conducted unlawful foreclosures and deceived homeowners. And it probably doesn't help JP Morgan's good graces with the public that it was among several lenders accused of improperly foreclosing on military family's homes. JP Morgan settled the case in April, agreeing to pay $56 million on claims it overcharged service members on their home loans.

????So the point that Dimon and others seem yet to have caught onto is this: Americans don't disdain all rich people. They aren't picketing outside Mark Zuckerberg's home or vilifying Steve Jobs for his personal wealth or boycotting New York Yankees games over Derek Jeter's salary. Being successful isn't bad, nor is being rich. What matters is how you created your own wealth.

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