????《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》（The New York Times）上周末報(bào)道稱(chēng)，沃爾瑪公司（Walmart）涉嫌掩蓋一項(xiàng)內(nèi)部調(diào)查，該調(diào)查證明其墨西哥分公司向該國(guó)官員行賄。事件曝光之后，這家零售巨頭的股價(jià)于周一大幅下挫。市場(chǎng)真的需要這么大驚失色嗎？盡管沃爾瑪?shù)母吖軅兌嗄陙?lái)一直不遺余力地維系其美國(guó)精神典型代表的形象，但這家公司的不良表現(xiàn)卻多次見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們一起來(lái)回顧一下沃爾瑪這些年來(lái)的種種丑聞。

工作條件

????Over the weekend, the New York Times reported that Walmart allegedly covered up an internal investigation proving its Mexican subsidiary bribed officials in the country. The retail giant's stock fell sharply Monday following the expose. Should the market be really that surprised? Over the years, Walmart has made headlines for behaving badly even as executives work tirelessly to maintain its all-American image. Here, take a look at Walmart's blunders.

Working conditions

????工人有權(quán)獲得午餐時(shí)間和加班費(fèi)。但沃爾瑪一些門(mén)店的員工們并不總是能享受到這樣的待遇。

????2005年，沃爾瑪數(shù)千名員工稱(chēng)被非法剝奪了午餐用餐時(shí)間。加州一個(gè)陪審團(tuán)裁定，沃爾瑪需要向這些員工賠付1.72億美元。當(dāng)時(shí)，全美各地因雇主侵犯勞工權(quán)利引發(fā)的類(lèi)似訴訟案至少有40起。

????這些案件的最終結(jié)果不盡相同，但那些走上法庭的員工為這家公司帶來(lái)了壞消息。2002年，俄勒岡州聯(lián)邦陪審團(tuán)發(fā)現(xiàn)沃爾瑪員工被迫延時(shí)工作，并裁定沃爾瑪向83名員工補(bǔ)發(fā)工資。

????2000年一次類(lèi)似的案件中，這家零售巨頭就科羅拉多州沃爾瑪超市前雇員和現(xiàn)有雇員發(fā)起的集體訴訟案達(dá)成了和解，并為此支付了5,000萬(wàn)美元。

打壓工會(huì)

????沃爾瑪一直密切留意那些試圖組織起來(lái)的員工。這家零售巨頭因堅(jiān)決反對(duì)員工組建工會(huì)而臭名昭著。2000年，得克薩斯州杰克遜維爾市一家沃爾瑪超級(jí)購(gòu)物中心的牲畜屠宰員投票決定加入一個(gè)工會(huì)。隨后，這個(gè)購(gòu)物中心就轉(zhuǎn)而銷(xiāo)售預(yù)先包裝的肉類(lèi)產(chǎn)品。沃爾瑪公司當(dāng)時(shí)聲稱(chēng)，此舉在工會(huì)投票前就已經(jīng)安排好了，但它還是向員工們傳遞了一個(gè)清晰的訊息。2005年，就在魁北克一家門(mén)店的工人即將達(dá)成工會(huì)組建協(xié)議之際，沃爾瑪公司關(guān)掉了這家店。

????但沃爾瑪并非反對(duì)所有的工會(huì)——它只針對(duì)美國(guó)的工會(huì)組織。正如《華盛頓郵報(bào)》（The Washington Post）去年所指出的那樣，工會(huì)在英國(guó)的沃爾瑪超市中普遍存在。數(shù)十年來(lái)，這家零售商已經(jīng)與巴西和阿根廷兩國(guó)強(qiáng)大的勞工團(tuán)體談成了多項(xiàng)合同。

????

????A worker's got a right to lunch. And get paid for overtime. That wasn't always the case at some Walmart stores.

????In 2005, a California jury awarded $172 million to thousands of workers who claimed they were illegally denied lunch breaks. The case was one of at least 40 similar suits filed nationwide at the time, alleging workplace violations.

????The outcomes of the cases varied, but those that stood in court brought bad news for the company. In 2002, a federal jury in Oregon found Walmart employees were forced to work off the clock and awarded back pay to 83 workers.

????And in a similar case in 2000, Walmart settled a class-action lawsuit against former and then current employees in Colorado and paid $50 million.

Quashing unions

????Walmart has gone toe-to-toe with workers that tried to organize themselves. The retail giant is infamous for staunchly opposing labor groups. In 2000, it switched to prepackaged meats after a handful of butchers at a Walmart Supercenter in Jacksonville, Texas voted to join a union. The retail giant at the time said the move was planned ahead of the union vote, but it nevertheless sent workers a clear message. And, in 2005, Walmart shut down a store in Quebec where workers were close to reaching a union contract.

????It's not as if Walmart is against all unions -- only those in the U.S. As the Washington Post pointed out last year, unions are prevalent in the United Kingdom. And for decades, the retailer has negotiated contracts with powerful labor groups in Brazil and Argentina.????