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谷歌、貝寶高管激辯“科技是否改變生活”

谷歌、貝寶高管激辯“科技是否改變生活”

Miguel Helft 2012年07月19日
谷歌執(zhí)行總裁埃里克?施密特和貝寶聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人彼得?泰爾這兩位硅谷最聰明的人就“科技是否改變生活”展開(kāi)了針?shù)h相對(duì)的辯論。

????過(guò)去30年間,技術(shù)改善了我們的生活嗎?答案取決于你問(wèn)的對(duì)象是誰(shuí),因?yàn)楣韫纫恍┟鲗?duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法堪稱爭(zhēng)鋒相對(duì)。

????谷歌(Google)執(zhí)行總裁埃里克?施密特就認(rèn)為,技術(shù)扮演了非常積極的角色,幫助20億人脫離了貧困,使地球上所有人都能獲得之前只有小部分人才能獲得的重要信息。他說(shuō),將來(lái)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人們預(yù)計(jì)將擁有“很長(zhǎng)的壽命和非常富有成效的生活”。他還補(bǔ)充說(shuō),對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們而言,“世界也將變得更美好”。

????然而,貝寶(PayPal)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人彼得?泰爾卻反駁說(shuō):“我覺(jué)得你為谷歌做了個(gè)很好的廣告?!碧柺枪韫茸畛晒Φ耐顿Y者之一。

????泰爾與施密特之間的這場(chǎng)辯論發(fā)生在《財(cái)富》雜志(Fortne)在美國(guó)科羅拉多州阿斯彭舉辦技術(shù)頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議期間的一場(chǎng)晚宴上。泰爾認(rèn)為技術(shù)是唯一能改善人們生活的力量,但是卻沒(méi)有做到這一點(diǎn)。泰爾說(shuō),過(guò)去30年間,工資水平停滯不前,我們?cè)馐芰恕澳茉磩?chuàng)新的災(zāi)難性失敗”,狹窄技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中取得的進(jìn)展并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)化成大眾的福利。

????泰爾 將過(guò)去30年與之前的40年進(jìn)行對(duì)比,認(rèn)為之前的40年間工資大幅上漲,汽車、航空、超音速噴氣機(jī)和電腦方面的創(chuàng)新都獲得了飛躍發(fā)展,而且切實(shí)改善了人們的生活。

????兩位高管的辯論多次變得激烈,兩人幾乎找不到一致的觀點(diǎn)。泰爾認(rèn)為我們未能將綠色革命中糧食生產(chǎn)的成果持續(xù)下去,所以糧食價(jià)格上漲,從而引起“阿拉伯之春”。施密特則認(rèn)為糧食價(jià)格上漲是由于政府誤導(dǎo)性的糧食政策,而“阿拉伯之春”主要是人們對(duì)暴虐政權(quán)忍無(wú)可忍的結(jié)果。(他們只有一個(gè)問(wèn)題達(dá)成了共識(shí),即社會(huì)媒體在使該地區(qū)劇烈動(dòng)蕩的起義中只起到了很小的作用。)施密特認(rèn)為由于人口老齡化問(wèn)題,政府承擔(dān)了過(guò)多不可持續(xù)的福利項(xiàng)目。泰爾卻認(rèn)為不存在人口問(wèn)題。

????但兩人確實(shí)都認(rèn)為政府已經(jīng)破產(chǎn),但對(duì)于背后的原因仍各持己見(jiàn)。泰爾著重批判高等教育費(fèi)用急劇上漲。他認(rèn)為上大學(xué)讓學(xué)生欠下堆積如山的債務(wù),卻沒(méi)有給予學(xué)生更大的回報(bào)前景。泰爾認(rèn)為高等教育就是“教育泡沫”,“教育債務(wù)正在將整整一代人變成受契約約束的仆人”。

????兩人的辯論以施密特的話結(jié)尾。他說(shuō):“按你的邏輯,接受高等教育的人會(huì)越來(lái)越少”。他又補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“維持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的唯一途徑就是接受更多的教育?!?/p>

????這次辯論究竟誰(shuí)贏誰(shuí)輸,無(wú)法定論。但施密特最后一句話確實(shí)為他贏得了一輪掌聲,這倒不稀奇。

????Has technology improved our lives over the past 30 years? It depends who you ask -- and some of Silicon Valley's biggest luminaries couldn't disagree more.

????According to Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman of Google (GOOG), technology has had an overwhelmingly positive role, lifting some 2 billion people out of poverty and spreading access to vital information from a relative small number to virtually all the people on earth. Going forward, people in the developed world can expect to have "extraordinarily long lives that are very productive," he said. And for those in developing countries, "the world gets better too," he added.

????The retort from Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal (EBAY): "I think you do a fantastic job as Google's minister of propaganda." Thiel is one of the Valley's most successful investors.

????Thiel, who debated Schmidt during a dinner conversation at Fortune's Brainstorm Tech conference in Aspen, Colorado, said that technology is the only thing that could improve people's lives, but it hasn't. Over the past 30 years, Thiel argued, wages have stagnated, we suffered from a "catastrophic failure of energy innovation," and progress in narrow areas of technology has not translated into general wellbeing.

????Thiel contrasted the last 30 years with the prior 40, when wages rose dramatically, and innovation in cars, aeronautics, supersonic jets and computers delivered giant leaps that translated into improvements in the lives of people.

????There was little that the two executives could agree on during a debate that got heated at times. To Thiel, the Arab Spring was caused by rising food prices caused by our inability to sustain gains in food production from the green revolution. To Schmidt, food prices have risen, but only because of misguided food policies by governments, and the Arab Spring was largely the result of people being fed up with oppressive regimes. (They did agree that social media only played a marginal role in the uprisings that convulsed the region.) To Schmidt, government is burdened by entitlement programs that are unsustainable given the aging population. Thiel denied there was a demographic problem.

????The two did agree that government was broken, but not on what is ailing it. And Thiel was particularly critical of higher education, the costs of which have risen sharply. Universities, he said, have burdened students with mountains of debt and not given graduates significantly larger earning potential. "The debts being imposed on people linked to education are turning and an entire generation into something close to indentured servants," Thiel said, calling the problems with higher ed an "education bubble."

????Schmidt had the last word. "Through that logic, fewer people would get educated," Schmidt said. He added: "The only way to maintain competitiveness is to get more education."

????It's not clear who, if anyone, won the debate. But perhaps not surprisingly, Schmidt's last line earned him a round of applause.

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