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移動(dòng)顛覆科技行業(yè)

移動(dòng)顛覆科技行業(yè)

Olof Schybergson 2012-08-23
有一個(gè)字眼令亞馬遜、Facebook以及谷歌的高管夜不能寐,那就是“移動(dòng)”。平板電腦和智能電話(huà)大行其道,極大地改變了人們的生活方式,也必將對(duì)科技行業(yè)的商業(yè)模式產(chǎn)生顛覆性的影響。

????網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)曾顛覆傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)。但如今,沒(méi)有哪家網(wǎng)絡(luò)巨頭能免于“移動(dòng)優(yōu)先”顛覆者的侵?jǐn)_。著名的顛覆性網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司——比如Facebook、谷歌(Google)、Flickr和亞馬遜(Amazon)—— 現(xiàn)在也正受到專(zhuān)注于移動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)的公司挑戰(zhàn)。

????以Facebook 為例。同Path的優(yōu)雅和密切關(guān)注相比,F(xiàn)acebook感覺(jué)就像是一個(gè)松散的、無(wú)序蔓延的爛攤子。又比如,谷歌地圖是世界上最流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)之一,但與更好玩、更個(gè)性化、更移動(dòng)優(yōu)化的Foursquare相比,谷歌地圖就顯得功利而乏味。網(wǎng)絡(luò)照片共享服務(wù)Flickr和Picasa則被拍照分享軟件Instagram這樣靈活的移動(dòng)服務(wù)所顛覆和挑戰(zhàn)。

????移動(dòng)優(yōu)先企業(yè)被迫劃定優(yōu)先級(jí),同時(shí)專(zhuān)注(于一點(diǎn)),而且為了生存,他們必須設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單而有品位的服務(wù)。這使他們?cè)诋?dāng)今這個(gè)迅速移動(dòng)化的世界中具備核心優(yōu)勢(shì)。當(dāng)今世界,清晰的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)與一流的服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要。

????最近的數(shù)字顯示,手機(jī)的使用不僅是在增長(zhǎng),而是呈爆炸式增長(zhǎng)。在其最新的財(cái)報(bào)中,eBay首席執(zhí)行官約翰?多納霍透露,eBay移動(dòng)和貝寶(PayPal)移動(dòng)預(yù)測(cè)今年各將有100億美元的交易。今年6月,約有1.02億人僅通過(guò)移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Facebook,比3月猛增23%。Facebook首席執(zhí)行官馬克?扎克伯格在7月份表示,移動(dòng)連接的用戶(hù)比僅通過(guò)臺(tái)式機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)該網(wǎng)站的用戶(hù)更活躍,該公司目前正試圖轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤耙苿?dòng)優(yōu)先”。(收購(gòu)圖片共享軟件Instagram應(yīng)該會(huì)有所幫助。)

????移動(dòng)游戲開(kāi)發(fā)商Rovio的《憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)》(Angry Birds)游戲下載次數(shù)達(dá)10億次,近來(lái)該公司最新的游戲作品《神奇的阿力》(Amazing Alex)也榮登榜首。移動(dòng)支付初創(chuàng)公司Square每年處理的交易額已經(jīng)超過(guò)60億美元,這家成立僅2年的公司目前的市值為32.5億美元。移動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)潛力無(wú)限,而現(xiàn)在商界有證據(jù)來(lái)支持這一說(shuō)法。

????在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化時(shí)代,野心勃勃的公司不僅著眼于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng),也更注意到世界上許多國(guó)家越來(lái)越多的用戶(hù)正通過(guò)移動(dòng)設(shè)備而不是電腦訪(fǎng)問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。俄羅斯、印度尼西亞、印度、非洲和巴西,這些國(guó)家的移動(dòng)市場(chǎng)都非常龐大。

????對(duì)于世界上絕大多數(shù)人而言,手機(jī)不僅是訪(fǎng)問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的主要方式,更是其唯一的方式。為了接觸到這些用戶(hù),必須先建設(shè)移動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)。我們觀(guān)察西方社會(huì)經(jīng)常忽略的一個(gè)事實(shí)是,即便在這里,許多人仍然只能使用手機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。31%的美國(guó)手機(jī)用戶(hù)只使用或主要使用手機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。超過(guò)三分之一的美國(guó)人沒(méi)有家庭寬帶,不過(guò)90%的美國(guó)人都擁有手機(jī)。

????西方社會(huì)的一個(gè)普遍觀(guān)點(diǎn)是,移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)通常是傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的縮小版。這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò),原因很多,尤其是你打算瞄準(zhǔn)多個(gè)市場(chǎng)時(shí)(通常移動(dòng)優(yōu)先市場(chǎng))。通過(guò)手機(jī),你能為用戶(hù)提供更加私密和個(gè)性化的服務(wù)。

????與其它傳統(tǒng)媒介相比,移動(dòng)媒介本身更具有情感色彩和個(gè)性色彩。用戶(hù)們成天和手機(jī)呆在一起,就連晚上也不例外(五分之四的美國(guó)青少年睡覺(jué)時(shí)都把手機(jī)放在床邊)。人們把最重要、最私密的東西都保存在手機(jī)里。他們精心裝扮手機(jī),將其貼身攜帶。而且最重要的是,手機(jī)是人們聯(lián)系朋友和家人最常用的工具。

????讓我們看看大受歡迎,極具功利性的某些互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù),他們大都專(zhuān)注于手機(jī)使用者的情感生活,不過(guò)透過(guò)手機(jī),這難免有些冰冷和機(jī)械。而用心設(shè)計(jì),為心設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品同樣能帶來(lái)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。如果能成功捕獲用戶(hù)的心聲和情感,他們就會(huì)用忠誠(chéng)和金錢(qián)來(lái)回報(bào)。蘋(píng)果(Apple)就是這樣的典型例子。

????就像“忽如一夜春風(fēng)來(lái),千樹(shù)萬(wàn)樹(shù)梨花開(kāi)?!逼桨咫娔X的普及速度超過(guò)了手機(jī)等一切消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品。平板電腦有許多其它技術(shù)所不具備的特點(diǎn)。絢麗的大屏幕,這對(duì)視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)要求很高。直觀(guān)的操作和基于手勢(shì)的互動(dòng)同樣是必須具備的,任何類(lèi)似桌面軟件的玩意在平板上都顯得那么的格格不入。除了手機(jī),平板是唯一可以在人們經(jīng)?;顒?dòng)的三個(gè)場(chǎng)所(家中、工作和移動(dòng))中都使用的設(shè)備。

????Web businesses used to disrupt traditional businesses. But today, no large web business is safe from mobile first disruptors. The celebrated web disruptors – the likes of Facebook, Google, Flickr, and Amazon – are now being challenged by mobile-focused businesses.

????Take Facebook (FB). When compared to the elegance and intimate focus of Path, Facebook feels like a generic and sprawling mess. Google (GOOG) Maps, for another, is one of the most popular web services on the planet, but it feels utilitarian and bland when compared to the more playful, personal, and mobile-optimised Foursquare. Web photo sharing services Flickr (YHOO) and Picasa are disrupted and challenged by nimble mobile offerings by the likes of Instagram.

????Mobile-first businesses are forced to prioritize and focus, and in order to survive they must design simple and elegant services. This gives them core advantages in a world that's quickly going mobile and where sharp strategic focus coupled with first-class service design is critical.

????Recent figures show that mobile usage is not merely growing, it's exploding. In its latest earnings report, eBay's (EBAY) CEO John Donahoe revealed that eBay mobile and PayPal mobile are predicting $10 billion in transactions this year -- each. Some 102 million people accessed Facebook solely from mobile in June, a massive 23% increase over March. CEO Mark Zuckerberg said in July that mobile-connected users are more active than desktop-only users, and the company is now trying to turn itself around to become "mobile first." (Buying Instagram should help.)

????Mobile games developer Rovio, with a billion downloads for its Angry Birds game, recently also claimed top spot with its latest game sequel, Amazing Alex. The mobile payment start-up Square is already processing over $6 billion in annual transactions, and the 2-year-old company is now valued at $3.25 billion. The most significant action is in mobile, and the business evidence is now there to back up this general claim.

????In a global economy, companies with high ambitions look beyond their domestic markets, and in most countries in the world, significantly more people have access to the Internet via their mobiles than via computers. Russia, Indonesia, India, Africa, Brazil -- these are examples of large mobile-first economies.

????For most people on the planet mobile is not only the primary way to access the Internet, it's theonly way. To have a chance of reaching these customers, mobile services must be built. What we often overlook in the West is that even here, many people only access the Internet through mobile. Of Americans with mobile phones, 31% only or mostly use the Internet on their mobiles. More than a third of the people in the US don't have Internet access at home, but nine out of ten have a mobile phone.

????In the West a common starting point for mobile services is to shrink down a desktop web site. This is a bad idea for many reasons, and especially if you're targeting more diverse – and often mobile first – markets. Through mobile, there's a massive opportunity to create more intimate and personal bonds with users.

????The mobile medium itself is emotional and personal -- to a much larger extent than any other medium. Users have their mobiles with them at all times, even at night (four in five US teenagers sleep with their mobiles in or next to their beds). People collect their most important gems and intimate secrets on their mobiles. They accessorize and stroke them. And crucially, the mobile is their constant connection to the important people in their lives.

????A perfectly popular utilitarian service that makes great sense on the web is likely to feel cold and machine-like when experienced through the emotional beacon that the mobile represents. Designing for people's hearts makes perfect business sense too. If you manage to design services for user's hearts in addition to their minds, these users will reward you with loyalty and profits. Apple (AAPL) is the obvious example.

????Tablets are being adopted at a faster rate than any other consumer technology in the past – including mobile phones. Tablets also have some properties that other technologies don't. The large, lush screen puts very high demands on the visual experience. Direct manipulation and gesture based interaction is expected, and anything that resembles desktop software will feel out-of-place on the tablet. The tablet is also the only device in addition to the phone that is of use and relevance in the three main places where people tend to spend their time: at home, at work, and on the move.

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