????此次美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中，美國(guó)兩黨候選人米特?羅姆尼和巴拉克?奧巴馬都大肆指責(zé)中國(guó)，從匯率操縱國(guó)到不公平貿(mào)易問題，不一而足。如今隨著大選落幕，美國(guó)該如何與中國(guó)這個(gè)世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體相處呢？既然中美兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的相互依賴性日益加深，關(guān)系融洽總比劍拔弩張要強(qiáng)。本文作者建議美國(guó)不妨從下述三方面著手，建立良好的對(duì)華關(guān)系：

解決美國(guó)的財(cái)政困境

????美國(guó)的聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字已連續(xù)四年超過萬(wàn)億美元大關(guān)。這么高的赤字水平不僅讓美國(guó)企業(yè)界感到不安，也讓希望在美國(guó)多做點(diǎn)生意的中國(guó)投資者躑躅。

????去年，受各方面政治角力的制約，奧巴馬未能帶領(lǐng)美國(guó)擺脫財(cái)政困境。如今大選已經(jīng)結(jié)束，他必須再次嘗試。除非分裂的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)能夠很快達(dá)成一項(xiàng)削減預(yù)算赤字的方案，否則從明年1月1日起，美國(guó)必須削減政府支出約6,000億美元，還可能實(shí)施加稅政策。這些措施可能會(huì)把美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)再次推入衰退。

????這樣的不確定性妨礙了美國(guó)企業(yè)擴(kuò)大招聘規(guī)模和投資規(guī)模。雖然我們從中國(guó)人那里聽到的說法不多，但這對(duì)他們也是利益攸關(guān)，布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)（Brookings Instituion）高級(jí)研究員李侃如稱：“中國(guó)在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中有大量的投資?！?/p>

????中國(guó)仍是美國(guó)的主要債權(quán)人，持有1.15萬(wàn)億美元的美國(guó)國(guó)債。這一數(shù)額超過其他任何國(guó)家。倒不是說如果美國(guó)短期內(nèi)不達(dá)成削減赤字的方案，中國(guó)人就會(huì)立馬停止購(gòu)買美國(guó)國(guó)債，但肯定會(huì)讓中國(guó)投資者三思。過去幾年，中國(guó)對(duì)美投資穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)：2012年前10個(gè)月，投資總額已達(dá)63億美元，顯著高于2011年的45億美元。

????如果奧巴馬想讓這些來自世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的投資者繼續(xù)向美國(guó)投資，就得推動(dòng)分裂的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)達(dá)成一致，讓這個(gè)國(guó)家走上更健康的財(cái)政道路。

跟中國(guó)新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人搞好關(guān)系

????隨著美國(guó)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)贏得連任，中國(guó)也將迎來新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。但中國(guó)將根據(jù)完全不同的政治流程選舉新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

????大多數(shù)人，包括絕大多數(shù)中國(guó)人，都不確定未來會(huì)怎樣。

????雖然美國(guó)總統(tǒng)不能左右中國(guó)選擇什么樣的道路，但奧巴馬仍然有機(jī)會(huì)與中國(guó)新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人商定新的基調(diào)。

????“美國(guó)和中國(guó)事實(shí)上都不怎么信任對(duì)方的長(zhǎng)期打算，這種不信任很大程度上是迫于無(wú)奈，”華盛頓布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)高級(jí)研究員李侃如表示。我們還記得，此次美國(guó)大選的一大特色就是強(qiáng)硬的對(duì)華言論。兩位候選人在競(jìng)選期間可能都批評(píng)過中國(guó)操縱匯率、不公平貿(mào)易等等問題，但當(dāng)選后的奧巴馬必須小心處理這些話題。任何過于苛責(zé)或咄咄逼人的做法都可能導(dǎo)致中國(guó)新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人更激烈的回?fù)?。與奧巴馬不同，中國(guó)新一屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還需要建立自身的政治影響力。

不要再舉棋不定

????中國(guó)人希望在美國(guó)擴(kuò)大投資，這一點(diǎn)很清楚。但美國(guó)似乎并不總是希望獲得投資。于是，中國(guó)投資者得到的信號(hào)就忽左忽右。

????最近，中國(guó)似乎成了華盛頓的活靶子。在這方面，奧巴馬或許比羅姆尼還好點(diǎn)，但“中國(guó)威脅論”加劇了中國(guó)人的擔(dān)憂——美國(guó)可能正在疏遠(yuǎn)中國(guó)，避免跟中國(guó)有更多生意上的往來。

????During the U.S. presidential campaign, both Mitt Romney and Barack Obama piled on criticisms of China – from being a currency manipulator to playing unfairly in the way it trades with the U.S. and other economies. Now that the race is behind us, how should the U.S. approach China, the world's second-largest economy? A stronger relationship is better than a strained one, given that the two economies depend more and more on each other to grow. Here are three ways the U.S. can begin to cultivate the bond.

Resolve America's fiscal woes?

????The U.S. federal budget deficit surpassed $1 trillion for four years in a row – a level that not only unnerves executives across corporate America, but also Chinese investors looking to do more business in the U.S.

????Last year, Obama wasn't able to lead the nation out of its fiscal woes amid all the political wrangling. Now that the election is over, he will have to try again. Unless a divided Congress can quickly reach a deal to reduce the deficit, about $600 billion in government spending cuts and higher taxes threaten to kick in on Jan. 1 and possibly push the U.S. economy back into recession.

????The uncertainty has stalled U.S. businesses from hiring and investing more. Though we've heard less from the Chinese, they have plenty at stake as well, says Ken Lieberthal, senior fellow at the Brookings Instituion. "The Chinese are heavily invested in the U.S. economy."

????China remains a major lender to the U.S., owning $1.15 trillion of its government debt. That's more than any other country. It's not as if the Chinese will suddenly stop buying U.S. debt if a deficit deal isn't struck immediately, but it could certainly make investors from the Far East think twice. Chinese investments into the U.S. have steadily risen over the past several years: With about two months left in 2012, it has totaled $6.3 billion, higher than the $4.5 billion in 2011.

????And so if Obama wants investors from the world's second largest economy to continue investing in the U.S., the president will somehow need to bring a split Congress together and put the nation on a healthier fiscal path.

Make nice with China's new leaders?

????As the U.S. starts another term under President Obama, China will also begin a new chapter of its own. China, however, will take on new leaders under a far different political process.

????Most, including the vast majority of Chinese, aren't certain what to expect.

????While the U.S. president will have little control over China's path, Obama will have an opportunity to set a new tone with the new leadership.

????"The U.S. and China really don't trust each other's long-term intensions and that distrust is very coercive," says Ken Lieberthal, senior fellow at Brookings Institution, a Washington DC-based think tank. As we recall, the U.S. presidential race was marked by get-tough on China talks. But while the candidates might have pressed China over currency manipulation and other issues over unfair trade practices, Obama will have to approach those topics delicately. Anything too punitive or aggressive could prompt China's new leaders to strike back harder, as unlike Obama, they will be trying to establish themselves politically.

Quit with those mixed signals

????It's clear the Chinese want to invest more in the U.S. But the U.S. doesn't always seem to want that. Which only leaves Chinese investors with mixed signals.

????Lately, China seemed to be all but a punching bag in Washington. Perhaps less so for Obama than Romney, but the 'fear China' rhetoric has aggravated Chinese concerns that the U.S. is distancing away from doing more business with China.