成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開(kāi)
克萊斯勒和菲亞特的命運(yùn)二人轉(zhuǎn)

克萊斯勒和菲亞特的命運(yùn)二人轉(zhuǎn)

Alex Taylor III 2013-05-07
2009年,美國(guó)的克萊斯勒差點(diǎn)在金融危機(jī)中破產(chǎn),歐洲的菲亞特出手救了它;時(shí)過(guò)境遷,歐洲陷入債務(wù)危機(jī),菲亞特入不敷出,需要克萊斯勒支援。菲亞特掌門(mén)人馬爾喬內(nèi)計(jì)劃收購(gòu)克萊斯勒剩余的股份,把兩家公司合成一家,靠后者賺的錢(qián)幫菲亞特度過(guò)難關(guān)。不過(guò),美國(guó)人不喜歡這個(gè)點(diǎn)子。

????2007年在克萊斯勒公司(Chrysler)的發(fā)展史上留下了無(wú)法抹去的痕跡,背后有一個(gè)不為人知的原因:當(dāng)年5月14日,戴姆勒克萊斯勒公司(DaimlerChrysler)宣布,將克萊斯勒集團(tuán)(Chrysler Group)80.1%的股份作價(jià)74億美元出售給賽伯樂(lè)資產(chǎn)管理公司(Cerberus Capital Management)。這等于是公開(kāi)承認(rèn),它的跨國(guó)、跨文化并購(gòu)以失敗告終。當(dāng)時(shí),克萊斯勒的市值僅為1998年并購(gòu)前1998年市值的一個(gè)零頭,而且自并購(gòu)后,它的狀況便開(kāi)始每況愈下。一年之后,雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)宣告破產(chǎn),在隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中,政府被迫于2008、2009年向克萊斯勒公司注入巨額資金。但2009年8月30日,它還是宣告申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)重組。

????這家公司差點(diǎn)就在手術(shù)臺(tái)上宣告不治了。正如史蒂文?拉特納在他的專(zhuān)著《全面整改》(Overhaul)中所述,政府派出的汽車(chē)業(yè)特別工作小組幾乎每次開(kāi)會(huì)都會(huì)為了如何處置克萊斯勒公司而來(lái)上一場(chǎng)辯論。獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問(wèn)的少數(shù)票支持后,有關(guān)該公司存亡的決策問(wèn)題最終直接由白宮來(lái)拍板。而奧巴馬總統(tǒng)決定,克萊斯勒公司應(yīng)該獲得救助。據(jù)拉特納稱(chēng),這個(gè)決策的理由是,“投資60億美元讓克萊斯勒重獲生機(jī)要比投個(gè)幾十億美元直接葬送它要好得多”。經(jīng)過(guò)了更多扣人心弦的激烈談判后,美國(guó)政府最終決定將克萊斯勒20%的股份連同其運(yùn)營(yíng)控制權(quán)拱手交給菲亞特公司(Fiat),以換取菲亞特的技術(shù)和管理專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)。

????菲亞特的技術(shù)對(duì)克萊斯勒來(lái)說(shuō)到底貢獻(xiàn)幾何比較難以衡量,但菲亞特的管理對(duì)它產(chǎn)生的作用倒是毋庸置疑。2005年到2009年,克萊斯勒的銷(xiāo)量從230萬(wàn)輛一路下滑到931,402輛,去年則大幅反彈回到了170萬(wàn)輛。在前任東家戴姆勒和賽伯樂(lè)的管理下,克萊斯勒始終無(wú)法獲得投資,產(chǎn)品在業(yè)內(nèi)毫無(wú)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力可言。首席執(zhí)行官馬爾喬內(nèi)非常明智地懂得,如何能利用最少的資源將克萊斯勒的汽車(chē)和卡車(chē)最大限度地升級(jí)換代,并讓克萊斯勒獲得了長(zhǎng)達(dá)37個(gè)月的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。盡管它的轎車(chē)業(yè)務(wù)距離業(yè)內(nèi)龍頭還落后甚遠(yuǎn),但在皮卡和運(yùn)動(dòng)型多功能車(chē)(SUV)上克萊斯勒現(xiàn)在已具備了充分的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

????換言之,多虧馬爾喬內(nèi)和菲亞特,克萊斯勒避免了被清算的厄運(yùn),保住了300,000個(gè)工作崗位,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)重新成為一家富有活力的公司——這讓人更難以理解為什么現(xiàn)在合作雙方非要爭(zhēng)得不可開(kāi)交,弄得底特律也不得安生。原因可能是,菲亞特一度拯救了克萊斯勒,而現(xiàn)在克萊斯勒卻要開(kāi)始拯救菲亞特了,這真讓一些人抓狂。

????這個(gè)想法在2009年可能還顯得很不靠譜,但今天卻成了現(xiàn)實(shí),而克萊斯勒并不是唯一一家正把歐洲汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商拉出泥潭的美國(guó)公司。目前,歐寶(Opel)和福特歐洲(Ford of Europe)正分別靠通用汽車(chē)(General Motors)和福特汽車(chē)(Ford)北美分公司供養(yǎng)著。歐洲正深陷財(cái)政危機(jī),加之人口老化,工會(huì)勢(shì)力強(qiáng)硬,產(chǎn)能遲遲得不到削減,使強(qiáng)大如大眾汽車(chē)(Volkswagen)這樣的公司也陷入了混亂。

????The year 2007 resonates in Chrysler history for another reason: It was on May 14 that DaimlerChrysler publicly conceded the failure of its cross-ocean, cross-cultural merger by announcing the sale of 80.1% of the Chrysler Group to Cerberus Capital Management for $7.4 billion. At the time of the sale, Chrysler was worth only a fraction of its pre-merger 1998 price, and its fortunes only declined from there. Lehman Brothers went bankrupt a year later, and in the ensuing downturn the government was forced to pump billions of dollars into Chrysler in 2008 and 2009 before it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on April 30, 2009.

????The company nearly died on the operating table. As Steven Rattner related in his book Overhaul, the question of what to do about Chrysler was debated at nearly every meeting of the government's auto task force. After a close vote among economic advisers, the decision about its survival went to the Oval Office, where President Obama decided that Chrysler should be saved. "It was better to invest $6 billion for a meaningful chance that Chrysler would survive than to invest several billion dollars in its funeral," was the rationale, according to Rattner. Further cliff-hanging negotiations were required before the government agreed to pass 20% of Chrysler along with operating control along to Fiat, in exchange for Fiat's technology and management expertise.

????Whatever contributions Fiat technology has made to Chrysler are hard to measure, but the impact of Fiat's management has been undeniable. Chrysler sales, which had fallen from 2.3 million in 2005 to only 931,402 in 2009, have rebounded smartly and reached 1.7 million last year. Under previous owners Daimler and Cerberus, Chrysler had been starved of investment and left with the weakest product line in the industry. CEO Sergio Marchionne smartly identified where he could most upgrade Chrysler's cars and trucks with the fewest resources and set Chrysler on its 37-month run. Though its passenger car lineup still lags the industry's best, Chrysler is now fully competitive in pickups and sport utility vehicles.

????In other words, instead of being liquidated at the cost of some 300,000 jobs, Chrysler is now a viable company, thanks to Marchionne and Fiat -- which makes it all the more difficult to comprehend the heat of the dispute now consuming Detroit. Where once Fiat rescued Chrysler, now Chrysler is in a position to rescue Fiat, and it drives some people nuts.

????That idea may have seemed far-fetched in 2009 but it is reality today, and Chrysler won't be the only company helping out a European carmaker. General Motors' (GM, Fortune 500) and Fords' (F, Fortune 500) North American operations are supporting Opel and Ford of Europe respectively. Europe's financial crisis combined with its aging demographic and the intransigence of labor unions in the face of overdue cuts in factory capacity have pushed even mighty Volkswagen into a tailspin.

掃描二維碼下載財(cái)富APP
少妇无码自慰毛片久久久久| 性欧美VIDEOFREE高清| 一区二区三区欧美视频| 日韩麻豆国产精品欧美| 亚洲一区二区三区日本久久九| 亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 隔壁的少妇2做爰完整| 两口子交换真实刺激高潮| 三区18人妻少妇久久中文字幕| 午夜精品久久久久久久尤物| 亚洲最大中文字幕无码网站| 久久久中文字幕日本99| 精品无码成人久久久久久| 免费人成年激情视频在线观看| 欧美日韩天堂一区二区三区| 精品人妻少妇一级毛片免费| 极品少妇被猛的白浆直喷白浆| 久久福利无码一区二区三区| 中文字幕在线观看视频网站| 亚洲伊人久久大香线蕉综合图片| 国产亚洲欧美成人久久片| 91中文字幕免费人成毛片乱码| 国产黑人在线播放| 国产69精品久久久久9999| 国产不卡视频一区二区在线观看| 97在线视频人妻无码| 中文免费自拍高清| 免费无码专区毛片高潮喷水| 乱肉艳妇熟女 岳| 国产成人欧美精品视频app| 国产精品区一区二区免费| 国产裸拍裸体视频在线观看| 美女胸又WWW又黄的视频| AV在线亚洲男人的天堂| a级孕妇高清免费毛片| 狠狠躁天天躁夜夜躁婷婷| 99久热精品免费观看98| 国产成人精品亚洲午夜麻 | 亚洲国产精品免费无码| 国产成人精品黄色视频| 中文字幕人妻无码一夲道|