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自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有望提前登場

自動(dòng)駕駛汽車有望提前登場

Doron Levin 2013-05-27
德國汽車巨頭奔馳公司日前推出了新款 S 級 sedan 汽車,具備完善的自動(dòng)駕駛功能。分析人士認(rèn)為,業(yè)界的種種動(dòng)向表明,自動(dòng)駕駛汽車將超出人們的預(yù)期,提前進(jìn)入市場。

????隨著奔馳 2014 S Class sedan 轎車的面世,自動(dòng)駕駛的夢想已近在咫尺。利用自動(dòng)駕駛功能,日常用車在駕駛者將要入睡或即將作出錯(cuò)誤操作時(shí),可以接管駕駛?cè)蝿?wù),從而避免造成災(zāi)難性的事故。

????上周,戴姆勒公司的工程師們在德國漢堡市揭開了這款新型的S Class 汽車的面紗。毫無疑問,這是一款豪華汽車:模擬指壓按摩的座椅異常舒適;主動(dòng)香氛系統(tǒng)可按需每隔五分鐘噴送五種不同氣味的香水,至始至終令車廂保持怡人氣氛。“它是一個(gè)流動(dòng)的溫泉浴場,”一位評論者如此評價(jià)。

????戴姆勒將邁巴赫打造為奢華品牌的嘗試失敗之后,這個(gè)角色再次回歸到了 S Class 陣營。這款新型 S Class 汽車擁有了工程師所能設(shè)想到的一切機(jī)械、電子與時(shí)尚元素。個(gè)人交通工具進(jìn)化史中,最為重要并且與駕駛者最為相關(guān)的或許是下面這樣一些功能,比如 3D 攝像頭和雷達(dá)裝置。利用這些功能來獲悉環(huán)境、道路和其他車輛狀況的不僅僅是 S Class的駕駛者,還有汽車自身。

????假如其他超車過快,S Class 汽車可發(fā)出預(yù)警,防止碰撞。汽車下方的攝像頭可探測路面缺陷或坑洼,而且還能在遇到突起物時(shí)對汽車懸架作出調(diào)整。戴姆勒特有的“預(yù)防性安全”技術(shù)能夠探測行人或者可能發(fā)生的碰撞,從而能夠更快、更有力地采取制動(dòng)措施。

????托馬斯?韋伯教授說:“借助經(jīng)過改良的環(huán)境探測系統(tǒng),智能輔助系統(tǒng)可對復(fù)雜環(huán)境作出分析,更準(zhǔn)確地識別潛在危險(xiǎn)。”韋伯是奔馳汽車開發(fā)部門的主管,同時(shí)還擔(dān)任著戴姆勒理事會(huì)董事,負(fù)責(zé)集團(tuán)的研究工作。他指出:“形象地說,新型 S-Class 汽車不僅前面長了眼睛,而且 360 度全方位都可盡收眼底?!?/p>

????出現(xiàn)交通堵塞時(shí),通過“自動(dòng)跟隨駕駛(Stop & Go Pilot)”的特色功能,S Class 汽車可自動(dòng)跟隨前方車輛,并相應(yīng)地進(jìn)行剎車或加速。與此同時(shí),在當(dāng)?shù)胤稍S可的范圍內(nèi),司機(jī)可以將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到其他事情,比如打電話或發(fā)短信。

????大眾(Volkswagen)、通用(General Motors)、豐田(Toyota)以及寶馬(BMW)等汽車制造商都在開發(fā)類似的系統(tǒng)。數(shù)年之內(nèi),汽車有望能夠通過自動(dòng)駕駛,安全地抵達(dá)預(yù)設(shè)目的地,同時(shí)將司機(jī)的監(jiān)管降至最低。汽車制造商指出,一切碰撞事故的根源幾乎都可歸咎于人為的錯(cuò)誤,而開發(fā)這套系統(tǒng)主要目的是將人為錯(cuò)誤減至最少。另外,車輛之間的通信將進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)安全,同時(shí)還有利于減緩交通堵塞。

????相對于當(dāng)前 9.3 萬美元的售價(jià),新款 S Class 汽車起步價(jià)為 10 萬美元。價(jià)格較高的原因之一在于高昂的設(shè)計(jì)與研發(fā)成本。如果消費(fèi)者認(rèn)同新款 S Class 汽車的需求設(shè)計(jì),那么隨著大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)帶來的成本效益,新型技術(shù)將很快普及至日常車型。

????人們在日常生活中經(jīng)常會(huì)面對不完善的高科技產(chǎn)品:電腦死機(jī)、軟件故障、通話掉線等等。戴姆勒的新款奔馳 S Class 汽車也會(huì)面對類似的質(zhì)疑。然而,當(dāng)前越來越多的汽車研發(fā)人員正在讓大眾認(rèn)識到:無人駕駛汽車即將登上舞臺,而且時(shí)間要比大多數(shù)人想像得要早。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????The race to build an everyday car equipped with autopilot that can prevent accidents and take over from a driver about to fall asleep or make a catastrophic error is inching closer to reality with the introduction of Mercedes-Benz's 2014 S Class sedan.

????Last week Daimler AG engineers unveiled the new S Class in Hamburg, Germany. Yes, it's luxurious, a "rolling spa," as described by one reviewer, which includes seats that simulate a shiatsu massage and an "active perfuming system" in the glovebox that can project any of five aromas into the cabin at five-minute intervals, according to preference.

????Daimler, having failed to make Maybach its ultimate expression of luxury, has returned the S Class to

????that role. The new S Class contains every mechanical, electronic, and fashion refinement that engineers could imagine. But perhaps most impressive and relevant to the evolution of personal transportation are those features, such as 3-D cameras and radar devices that make S Class -- not necessarily the S Class's driver -- aware of surroundings, road, and other vehicles.

????If a car is overtaking rapidly, the S Class can warn or prevent the driver from turning into its path. Cameras under the car can detect a pothole or pavement imperfection and adjust the suspension to encounter the bump. What Daimler calls "Pre-Safe" technology can detect a pedestrian or a likely collision and activate brakes more quickly and more strongly than the driver.

????"Intelligent assistance systems analyze complex situations and better recognize potential dangers out on the road with the aid of improved environment sensor systems," said Prof. Thomas Weber, member of the Daimler Board of Management responsible for group research and head of Mercedes-Benz Cars Development. "Figuratively speaking, the new S-Class doesn't just have eyes at the front, it has 360-degree all-round vision."

????A feature that Daimler calls "Stop & Go Pilot" lets drivers stuck in lower speed traffic jams set the S Class to follow the car in front of it, braking and accelerating appropriately, while letting the driver concentrate on something else -- phone calls or whatever isn't prohibited by local law, such as texting.

????Volkswagen, General Motors (GM), Toyota (TM), BMW, and others are developing systems that will allow cars within a few years to drive themselves safely to preset destinations with minimal driver supervision. The main reason for such systems, automakers say, is that they minimize human error, the prime factor for almost all collisions. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication will add a further level of safety and help to optimize the flow of traffic.

????The engineering and research that created the new S Class is costly and one factor behind what will probably be a starting price of $100,000, up from the current $93,000. But if the public perceives the features offered in the S Class as desirable, they soon could find their way into more everyday models, as the cost of offering exotic technology falls with mass production.

????Daimler's new Mercedes-Benz S Class will encounter a skeptical public that is all too familiar with the frequent "crashing" of personal computers, glitches with software, dropped cellphone calls, and high-technology's other imperfections. But an increasingly large and confident chorus of voices -- mostly located in automotive R&D laboratories -- now are convinced that "driverless" cars will arrive in showrooms sooner than most people imagine.

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