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11種消失的汽車功能

11種消失的汽車功能

Alex Taylor III 2013-07-04
收音機(jī)旋鈕又回到了車上,但這種返璞歸真的功能只是個(gè)案,更多其他的特色功能正在隨著消費(fèi)者的口味變化和汽車業(yè)自身的發(fā)展走向消亡,成為人們的回憶。今天我們就來盤點(diǎn)一下汽車上正在銷聲匿跡的11個(gè)功能。

????7.橫排長座

????可坐下三人的平坦的前后座是美式車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置,直到1950年代出現(xiàn)了車型更小、更為運(yùn)動(dòng)化的汽車之后,這種局面才告一段落。通過在前排安裝兩個(gè)較小的桶狀座椅,汽車廠商就能增加乘坐空間,同時(shí)為安裝在車內(nèi)地板上的排擋桿騰出地方來。盡管桶狀座椅更有運(yùn)動(dòng)感,能提供更好的承托,還能使用安全帶,但在一些大型車上,橫排長座的地位依然不可動(dòng)搖,直到21世紀(jì)的第二個(gè)十年它們才告別歷史舞臺(tái)——2013年,雪佛蘭英帕拉(Impala)終于換上了新型座椅。而懷舊的人們則哀嘆,這種座椅的衰落是與汽車影院的消亡同時(shí)發(fā)生的。

????8.硬頂敞篷車

????有時(shí)候這種車也叫“無柱式硬頂車”,它沒有車頂?shù)闹虚g支撐柱,所以看起來就像一輛升起車頂?shù)某ㄅ褴?。和尾鰭這類多余的設(shè)計(jì)一樣,它們?cè)?0世紀(jì)50年代風(fēng)靡一時(shí)。當(dāng)時(shí)每年一變的風(fēng)格要求設(shè)計(jì)師必須找到新創(chuàng)意,所以這種風(fēng)格很快用到了四門車甚至是旅行車上。但這種硬頂本質(zhì)上就不夠堅(jiān)固,所以必須要用更繁重的結(jié)構(gòu)來支撐。20世紀(jì)70年代中期,硬頂敞篷車開始逐漸消失,部分原因是因?yàn)閾?dān)心受到聯(lián)邦行車安全法規(guī)的處罰。1978年出品的克萊斯勒Newport和New Yorker也就成了最后兩款真正的硬頂車。而現(xiàn)在汽車廠商們喜歡把B柱刷黑,而不是取消它,以模仿這種風(fēng)格。

????9.時(shí)速85英里速度計(jì)

????還記得“兩個(gè)5”(Double Nickel)嗎?這是1974年聯(lián)邦通過的一項(xiàng)法案,它要求汽車最高限速不得超過時(shí)速55英里,以節(jié)省燃油。五年后,在卡特總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政期間,美國公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)要求速度計(jì)必須在55這個(gè)數(shù)字上加上特別標(biāo)志,以讓駕駛者注意法定時(shí)速上限,同時(shí)還不允許最大時(shí)速超過85英里。不過,這種限速速度計(jì)并未能綁住汽車飛馳的速度,而85英里的最高時(shí)速在雪佛蘭科爾維特(Corvette)這樣的車上顯得傻透了。1981年NHTSA開始重審這項(xiàng)規(guī)定,因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)法案對(duì)改變駕駛者行為來說收效甚微。到了今天,速度計(jì)的最大刻度往往能達(dá)到時(shí)速160英里,不過真正允許的最大時(shí)速還不到這個(gè)速度的一半。

????10.備胎

????當(dāng)汽車廠商開始設(shè)法降低成本、減輕車重時(shí),全尺寸備胎就成了被踢出歷史舞臺(tái)的首選。車胎可能還是會(huì)癟掉,但現(xiàn)在的車可能只會(huì)裝一個(gè)“多納圈備胎”(donut spare,即非全尺寸備胎——譯注),或是維修工具,甚至干脆什么都沒有!防爆胎要么有自動(dòng)防漏功能,要么胎壁做了強(qiáng)化,所以有時(shí)候它能防止部分漏氣。但這種胎要貴得多,而且駕乘品質(zhì)會(huì)受影響。誰都不喜歡從面包車的下托架上取出一個(gè)臟兮兮的備胎換上,或是琢磨怎么用那個(gè)并不熟悉的千斤頂。但是不管什么時(shí)候發(fā)生爆胎之后,知道自己總能有辦法回家的信心還是很重要的。

????11.鉸鏈?zhǔn)酵L(fēng)窗

????為了把擋風(fēng)玻璃立柱和活動(dòng)車窗之間那塊尷尬的空間填上,一些工程師就設(shè)計(jì)了這種傾斜的或所謂鉸鏈?zhǔn)降耐L(fēng)窗。這種窗戶格外受到吸煙人士的青睞,因?yàn)樗軐熿F吸出窗外。20世紀(jì)60年代,隨著車用空調(diào)開始普及,設(shè)計(jì)師開始設(shè)法減輕車重,同時(shí)賦予汽車更整潔的外觀,這種窗戶開始從乘用車上消失了。對(duì)那些健忘的駕駛者來說,它們的消失值得惋惜,因?yàn)檫@讓他們?cè)诎衍囪€匙落在車?yán)锖竽芊奖愕亻_門去取。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:清遠(yuǎn)

????7. Bench seats

????Flat, three-across front and rear seats were standard equipment in American cars until the arrival of smaller and sportier models in the late 1950s. By installing two smaller bucket seats in front, manufacturers were able to increase seating room and leave room for a floor-mounted gear shifter. Although buckets were sportier, offered greater lateral support, and provided secure seat belt anchors, front bench seats held on in larger cars until they became extinct in the second decade of 21st century when the Chevrolet Impala was replaced with a newer model in 2013. Sentimentalists noted that their decline paralleled that of drive-in movie theatres.

????8. Hardtop convertibles

????Sometimes called "pillarless hardtops," hardtop convertibles were built without a central roof pillar so they would look like a convertible with the top raised. Along with other design excesses like tailfins, they became popular in the 1950s when annual styling changes had designers searching for new ideas, and the style spread to four-doors and even station wagons. But hardtops are inherently less rigid, and they needed to be reinforced with a heavier structure. The hardtop convertible began to disappear in the mid-1970s, partly out of a concern about federal safety regulations, and the 1978 Chrysler Newport and New Yorker became the last true hardtops. Today manufacturers today like to mimic the style by blacking out the central pillar instead of eliminating it.

????9. 85 mph speedometers

????Remember the "Double Nickel?" That was the federal law passed in 1974 that prohibited speed limits higher than 55 mph as a fuel-saving measure. Five years later during the Carter administration, NHTSA required speedometers include a special emphasis on the number 55 to keep drivers focused on the legal rate and forbid them from registering a maximum speed above 85 mph. The speedometer limits didn't govern the speed of the car, though, and the 85 mph max looked pretty silly on cars like the Chevy Corvette. NHTSA began rolling back the regulation in 1981 after discovering it did little to change driver behavior. Today, speedometers routinely go to 160 mph, even though the maximum allowable speed limit is less than half that.

????10. Spare tires

????As manufacturers search for ways to reduce cost and weight, the full-size spare tire is headed the way of the passenger pigeon. Tires may still go flat, but cars will be equipped with donut spares or motorized patch kits or sometimes nothing at all. Run-flat tires, with either automatic sealing or reinforced sidewalls, can fill some of the void, but they are more expensive and compromise ride quality. Nobody enjoys extracting a dirty spare from the under-carriage of a minivan or figuring out how to operate an unfamiliar jacking system, but there was a certain security in knowing that you could always find your way home after a flat no matter the day or time.

????11. Hinged vent windows

????To fill that awkward space between the windshield pillar and the movable window itself, some engineer lost to memory created the tilt or hinged vent window. Much beloved by tobacco lovers because of its ability to suck smoke out of the car, they began to vanish on passenger cars in the 1960s as air conditioning became more popular and designers looked for ways to reduce weight and get a cleaner look. Their extinction would be mourned by forgetful drivers who used them for easy entry after locking their keys inside.

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