成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
量子加密技術(shù)有望擊碎“棱鏡”

量子加密技術(shù)有望擊碎“棱鏡”

Clay Dillow 2013-07-31
美國的“棱鏡門”事件震動了世界,但這么干的國家可不止美國一個。不過,物理學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在利用量子物理學(xué)原理創(chuàng)造了量子加密技術(shù),利用光子來傳遞信息密匙。利用這種技術(shù),人們有望徹底終結(jié)類似棱鏡門這樣的監(jiān)控行為,實現(xiàn)零風(fēng)險的信息傳輸。

????上周在有關(guān)于莫斯科的新聞中,最熱門的話題依然是圍繞著美國的“泄密者”斯諾登,他目前正尋求在俄羅斯臨時避難。與此同時,在這座城市的另一邊,尼古拉斯?吉新博士上周宣布,他找到了能夠防止類似美國國家安全局(National Security Agency)的機(jī)構(gòu)再次窺探公民隱私的辦法。以后的數(shù)據(jù)加密法將無法攻破、無懈可擊。

????吉新是一名瑞士量子物理學(xué)家,他在探索和研究原子和光子等微觀物理問題上走在世界前列。(光子是光的基本粒子。)早在2001年,吉新就與其他人共同創(chuàng)辦了一家名叫ID Quantique 的公司,希望借此把他在量子物理世界里發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種奇特現(xiàn)象應(yīng)用到商業(yè)世界中。當(dāng)年量子學(xué)界基本上還處理在純理論階段,在實踐上基本還處于空白,更多地只是在實驗室里進(jìn)行研究,而不是應(yīng)用于真實世界。但是在過去十年里,量子技術(shù)已經(jīng)大大地成熟起來,而且已經(jīng)可以給現(xiàn)實世界帶來很多實際的好處,其中就包括ID Quantique公司目前提供給各大銀行和政府的數(shù)據(jù)加密技術(shù)——這也是一種幾乎不可能被攻破的加密技術(shù)。

????吉新說:“這種新技術(shù)聽起來似乎像是一種量子物理學(xué)的魔法,不過它當(dāng)然不是魔法,只是一種非?,F(xiàn)代化的科學(xué)技術(shù)。”不過與經(jīng)典的通訊和加密方法相比,它的確具有某種“魔力”。經(jīng)典密碼學(xué)通常依賴某種數(shù)學(xué)算法,隨機(jī)生成解密密鑰,使信息發(fā)送者最終發(fā)送出一條加密信息,然后接收者可以通過解密密鑰將信息還原。如果有某個第三方(在數(shù)據(jù)安全界的術(shù)語里稱之為“敵方”)獲取了密鑰的拷貝,那么它就可以獲取這份信息的拷貝,然后破譯它——或者也可以憑借足夠的時間和強(qiáng)大的計算能力,利用強(qiáng)大的算法攻破解密密鑰。(據(jù)說美國國家安全局和世界上其他情報機(jī)構(gòu)都是這樣做的。)但是吉新的量子加密技術(shù)利用了量子物理學(xué)的某些奇特現(xiàn)象,可以使傳送中的密鑰無法被人拷貝,也無法被偷走和破解,除非發(fā)送者主動丟棄了這個密鑰。

????ID Quantique公司的量子加密法使用的最主要的量子物理學(xué)原理叫“量子糾纏”。它在這種情況下是指兩顆單獨的光子被置于一個相關(guān)聯(lián)的狀態(tài)下。根據(jù)量子物理規(guī)則,這兩顆糾纏的光子會無可避免地產(chǎn)生相互影響,如果其中一顆光子的狀態(tài)被改變了,就必然會影響另一顆的狀態(tài),不管這兩顆光子的位置是遠(yuǎn)在天邊還是近在眼前,甚至是分別在地球的兩端。發(fā)送者將其中一顆光子發(fā)送給接收者,那么發(fā)送者和接收者就各擁有了一顆光子。這些光子沒有編入任何有用的信息——需要傳遞的信息還是通過常見的經(jīng)典加密術(shù)加密,但是解密密鑰通過一個隨機(jī)數(shù)字生成器生成。(真正的隨機(jī)數(shù)字生成器代表了由量子物理學(xué)派生的另一項技術(shù)——這個稍后再說)。

????如果敵方要想截獲這個含有密鑰信息的光子,就必須在正確的時刻出現(xiàn)在發(fā)送者和接收者之間,但即便做到這一點,他也不能竊取到任何有用的信息。因為根據(jù)量子物理學(xué),任何試圖干預(yù)傳輸中的量子的行為,都會改變?nèi)匀辉诎l(fā)送者手中的另一顆糾纏量子的狀態(tài),從而可以向發(fā)送者發(fā)出警報。這時發(fā)送者可以簡單地丟棄掉被攔截的密鑰,然后重新生成一個。

????The news out of Moscow of late has been dominated by Edward Snowden, the American leaker of secret state documents who is currently seeking temporary asylum in Russia. Meanwhile, across town and to much less fanfare, Dr. Nicolas Gisin found himself explaining last week the solution to the very problems of data security and privacy intrusion Snowden brought to light in exposing the vast reach of the National Security Agency's data collection tools: data encryption that is unbreakable now and will remain unbreakable in the future.

????Gisin is a Swiss quantum physicist and a pioneer in the exploration and manipulation of the very small -- that is, the various "quanta" of the micro world, things like individual atoms and photons. (Photons are the elementary particle of light.) In 2001, Gisin co-founded a company called ID Quantique with the aim of converting the strange phenomena found in the quantum world into commercial applications. At that time, the quantum world was still very much a theoretical place, one more suited for the laboratory than employed for practical application. But over the last decade quantum technologies have matured such that they can offer many practical benefits, including the kind of data encryption that ID Quantique now provides to various banks and governments -- data security that is virtually impossible to breach.

????"It sounds like there's some quantum magic in this new technology, but of course it's not magic, it's just very modern science," Gisin says. But next to classical communication and encryption methods, it might as well be magic. Classical cryptography generally relies on algorithms to randomly generate encryption and decryption keys enabling the sender to essentially scramble a message and a receiver to unscramble it at the other end. If a third-party (known as an "adversary" in data security lingo) obtains a copy of the key, that person can make a copy of the transmission and decipher it, or -- with enough time and computing power -- use powerful algorithms to break the decryption key. (This is what the NSA and other agencies around the world are allegedly up to.) But Gisin's quantum magic taps some of the stranger known phenomena of the quantum world to transmit encryption keys that cannot be copied, stolen, or broken without rendering the key useless.

????The primary quantum tool at work in ID Quantique's quantum communication scheme is known as "entanglement," a phenomena in which two particles -- in this case individual photons -- are placed in a correlated state. Under the rules of quantum mechanics, these two entangled photons are inextricably linked; a change to the state of one photon will affect the state of the other, regardless of whether they are right next to each other, in different rooms, or on opposite sides of the planet. One of these entangled photons is sent from sender to receiver, so each possesses a photon. These photons are not encoded with any useful information -- that information is encoded using normal classical encryption methods -- but with a decryption key created by a random number generator. (True random number generators represent another technology enabled by quantum physics -- more on that in a moment.)

????Any adversary would have to place herself in between sender and receiver at just the right moment in order to intercept this key-encoded photon, but even that would not enable her to steal any useful information. Thanks to the laws of quantum mechanics, any tampering with the photon in transit would change the state of the entangled photon still in the sender's possession, raising a red flag. The sender could then simply discard the intercepted key and generate another.

掃描二維碼下載財富APP
亚洲AV无码AV吞精久久| 久久久久久久综合日本| 国产一区二区三区AV在线无码观看| 麻豆国产在线视频区| 国产成人综合久久精品尤物| 国产欧美精品一区二区色综合| 久久久久青草线蕉综合超碰| 97se狠狠狠狠狼鲁亚洲综合色| 无码专区中文无码野外| 黄色网站在线观看视频| 国产日韩中文字幕老熟女| 特级做A爰片毛片A片免费| 亚洲AV无一区二区三区久久| 亚洲人成自拍网站在线观看| 国产曰批全过程免费视频| 国产精品久久久久精品麻豆| 色视频一区二区三区网网网网 | 欧美成人精品视频在线播放| 国产精品天干天干在线观看| 国产精品中文久久久久久久| 人人澡人人妻人人爽人人蜜桃麻豆| 免费亚洲av无码精品网站| 人妻 日韩 欧美 综合 制服国产| 精品久久久久久无码| 色悠久久久久久久综合网伊人| 国产mv动漫精品一区二区三区| 夜夜高潮夜夜爽国产伦精品| 被公侵犯玩弄漂亮人妻中文| 欧美日韩天堂一区二区三区| 亚洲熟女乱综合一区二区| 日本理论电影久久网| 青草草在线视频永久免费| 最新国产麻豆福利在线观看| 美女视频一区二区三区在线教室内污辱女教师在线播放| 377人体粉嫩噜噜噜| 少妇人妻综合久久中文字幕| 人妻中文字幕无码系列| 国产精品成人一区二区三区视频| 69SEX久久精品国产麻豆| 中文字幕亚洲一区一区| 精品无码一区二区三区在线|