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收入不均怎么辦?

收入不均怎么辦?

Adam Lashinsky 2013-09-17
數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前美國收入最高的10%人群擁有50%以上的美國總財富,占比達到此類數(shù)據(jù)有統(tǒng)計以來的峰值,其中甚至包括20世紀30年代美國經(jīng)濟大蕭條前分配極度不均的時期。普遍認為,這個問題沒有立竿見影的解決之道,只有教育是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。

????這些天,我開始越來越多地思考美國收入不均的問題?!都~約時報》(New York Times)上周三刊登了一篇令人吃驚的文章,援引數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國收入最高的10%人群擁有過半的美國總財富,占比達到此類數(shù)據(jù)有統(tǒng)計以來的峰值,甚至包括20世紀30年代美國經(jīng)濟大蕭條前分配極度不均的時期。

????有關(guān)這一問題的數(shù)據(jù)并不缺乏?!敦敻弧罚‵ortune)雜志總編蘇安迪在最近的編者話中就重點關(guān)注了收入不均問題。從公平角度,他提到了一種瘋狂的想法:所有這些財富掌控在少數(shù)人手里并不是問題;其他每個人依然能夠幸福。蘇安迪(我的老板)反駁了這一荒謬的邏輯。我也拒絕接受。(蘇安迪的佳作是《財富》雜志付費閱讀文章。您需要付點錢才能閱讀這些內(nèi)容。但它值得一讀。)

????今年夏天,我讀了喬治?派克的書The Unwinding。此書文筆引人入勝,但說到底令人憂心,書中常常是對窮人窘困狀況的直白描寫。我之所以對這本書感興趣,部分是源于派克在《紐約客》(New Yorker)雜志上描述的“極度關(guān)注金錢的硅谷文化”,不怎么看重構(gòu)成好政府的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì),也不看重通過產(chǎn)品改善社會福祉。

????不過,談到要做些什么,似乎誰都沒有什么好建議。加州可能很快就會上調(diào)最低工資。這樣的努力很有價值,但不能改變根本問題。美國早已大幅加稅,美國財政部長杰克?盧上個月在加州接受筆者采訪時談到了這一話題。這也只是向收入公平邁進的一小步。思考過這個問題的很多人都同意,提升教育是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。沒有立竿見影的解決方法。

????具有諷刺意味的是,如果深挖數(shù)據(jù),就會發(fā)現(xiàn)股市財富是造成收入不均的主要因素。我之所以覺得諷刺是因為,廣泛參與股市曾被視為是美國中產(chǎn)階級的自我救贖之路。這是共同基金行業(yè)兜售給我們的理念,然后它們都完了。我的老朋友、現(xiàn)就職于《紐約時報》的前同事喬?諾切拉就寫過一本書,更多人將能參與到曾經(jīng)是富人專享的股市,這是多好的一件事啊。(喬老兄:如果入市不如意呢?)

????我不打算在這篇文章中給出解決方案。我一直在問這樣一個問題:我們該怎么做?(財富中文網(wǎng))

????

????I find myself thinking more and more these days about income inequality. TheNew York Times published an astounding article Wednesday citing data that shows that America's top 10% of breadwinners had the largest share of overall wealth (more than 50%) since such stats were first collected. This includes the era of extreme inequality before the Great Depression.

????There is no shortage of data points about the problem. Fortune managing editor Andy Serwer focused on inequality in his editor's desk essay recently. In the interest of fairness, he cited the crazy school of thought that it doesn't really matter how few people hold all the wealth; everyone else can still be happy. Serwer (my boss) rejected this nonsensical line of reasoning. So do I. (Andy's fine essay is behind Fortune's pay wall. You'll have to share a little bit of your wealth with us to read it. It's worth it.)

????This summer, I read George Packer's gripping, if ultimately unsatisfying, book, The Unwinding, an often heartbreaking description of the plight of the have-nots. I was interested in Packer's book partly because of his description in the New Yorker of a Silicon Valley culture that is so focused on money that it sees value in little else, including the merits of good government, or even making products that improve society.

????When it comes to what to do, however, no one seems to have any good suggestions. California seems poised to raise its minimum wage. That's probably a worthy effort, but it won't change the underlying problem. We've already dramatically raised taxes, a topic Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew addressed in my interview with him last month in California. This too is merely an incremental step toward equality. Most people who've thought about this agree that improving education is a key to solving the problem. No quick fixes there.

????The irony here, when you dig into the data, is that stock market wealth is the primary explanation for inequality. I find that ironic because broad participation in the stock market was supposed to be the salvation of the American middle class. That's the message the mutual fund industry sold us, for example, before all that went to hell. My pal and former colleague Joe Nocera, now at the New York Times, literally wrote the book on what a great thing it was that more people were going to be able to participate in the stock market, once the preserve of rich folks. (Hey Joe: How about riding this one hard?)

????I'm not ending this little screed with a solution. I am asking the question: What should we do?

????

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