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走向拆除:泡沫破滅后的西班牙鬼城

走向拆除:泡沫破滅后的西班牙鬼城

Ian Mount 2013-11-19
西班牙房?jī)r(jià)自2007年高峰以來(lái)下跌了38.9%,待售新房仍有約75萬(wàn)套。和中國(guó)一樣,不少無(wú)人居住的小區(qū)成了鬼城,等待這些過(guò)剩房產(chǎn)的,只有殘酷的一條路——拆除。

????而一些政府和銀行已經(jīng)在拆除路上先行一步。去年,愛(ài)爾蘭“不良資產(chǎn)銀行”NAMA拆除了朗福德郡一個(gè)擁有12套公寓的街區(qū)。加州也對(duì)一些新房屋和未完工的房屋進(jìn)行了隔離式拆除。在某些情況下,尤其是獨(dú)立開(kāi)發(fā)的未完工項(xiàng)目,等待它們的可能只有拆除。

????巴塞羅那IESE商學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授安東尼奧?阿甘冬娜(Antonio Argando?a)表示,“如果開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目遠(yuǎn)離城鎮(zhèn),那你就別抱什么期望。房?jī)r(jià)回不來(lái)了?!?/p>

????離拉穆埃拉5英里遠(yuǎn)的地方有一個(gè)能俯瞰前往薩拉戈薩高速公路的陡坡,陡坡上面佇立著殘破的混凝土屋架,也就是曾經(jīng)的高爾夫社區(qū)房屋開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目Ciudad Zaragoza Golf。拉穆埃拉鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃人員恩尼克?巴拉奧說(shuō),在該項(xiàng)目一期計(jì)劃建造的2,316套房屋中,只有36套拿了居住許可。社區(qū)中為數(shù)不多的居民都在抱怨,社區(qū)中沒(méi)有市政服務(wù),而且當(dāng)我問(wèn)薩拉戈薩-拉穆埃拉公交線路的司機(jī)這些人如何回家時(shí),她搖了搖頭說(shuō),“沒(méi)有公交車(chē)去那個(gè)地方”。

????然而,拉穆埃拉小鎮(zhèn)中心的居民還沒(méi)有想過(guò)要把這些房子拆掉;他們?nèi)栽诹魬傩℃?zhèn)曾經(jīng)的繁榮,那時(shí),鎮(zhèn)里甚至還為居民的旅行提供資助。維克多?卡納雷斯說(shuō):“不管你去哪,鎮(zhèn)里都會(huì)給你買(mǎi)單。我們因高質(zhì)量的生活而成為了著名的小鎮(zhèn)?!痹谛℃?zhèn)的資助下,維克多曾到訪過(guò)多米尼加共和國(guó)、阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥。

????拉穆埃拉可能還有希望。鎮(zhèn)里新來(lái)了一批居民,他們深受小鎮(zhèn)的生活質(zhì)量和低價(jià)房產(chǎn)的吸引。在人行道上滿是塵土的小鎮(zhèn)邊緣,蘇珊娜?埃斯卡諾(Susana Esca?o)把自己的寶寶放在了后座上,并幫他系上了安全帶,她的車(chē)就停在一處人煙稀少的新小區(qū)前面。她于三年前搬到了薩拉戈薩,因?yàn)樗募胰穗y以負(fù)擔(dān)城市里的生活。

????她說(shuō):“如今,我也只能自認(rèn)倒霉了,因?yàn)橘I(mǎi)的房子根本不值錢(qián),不過(guò),盡管如此,我挺喜歡這里?!?/p>

????為什么?

????“因?yàn)楹馨察o。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:翔

????Still, some governments and banks have come around to demolition. Ireland's "bad bank," NAMA, demolished a 12-unit apartment block in County Longford last year. And there have been isolated demolitions of new and partially built houses in California. In some situations -- especially in the case of unfinished, isolated developments -- there may be no alternative.

????"If you have a development far from any town, forget about it. It will never bounce back," says Antonio Argando?a, a professor of economics at Barcelona's IESE Business School.

????On a bluff overlooking the highway to Zaragoza, five miles from La Muela, deteriorating concrete skeletons mark what was once supposed to be Ciudad Zaragoza Golf, a golfing community housing development. Of the 2,316 units planned for the first phase, only 36 have been granted occupancy licenses, says La Muela town planner Enrique Barrao. The development's handful of residents complain about non-existent municipal services, and when I ask the driver of the Zaragoza-La Muela bus line how these people get home, she shakes her head. "No bus goes there," she says.

????In downtown La Muela, however, residents are not yet thinking about demolitions; they're still coming down from a boom in which the town even subsidized their vacations. "The town paid, wherever you went," says Victor Canales, who took subsidized trips to the Dominican Republic, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. "We were a famous town for our quality of life."

????There still may be hope for La Muela. A passel of new residents have moved in, attracted by small town life and low real estate prices. At the edge of town, where the sidewalk goes to dirt, Susana Esca?o straps her baby into a car seat in front of a new, sparsely occupied complex. She moved from Zaragoza three years ago, because her family couldn't afford anything in the city.

????"Now, you hit yourself in the head because what you bought is worth so little, but, oh well, I like it," she says.

????Why?

????"Mucha tranquilidad."

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