????人們很難忽視中國移動(dòng)（China Mobile）。按照用戶人數(shù)計(jì)算（最近統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)為7.6億人），它是全世界最大的無線運(yùn)營商。由于它在中國本土如此成功，以至于中國政府為了削弱它的支配地位，甚至允許另外兩家國家控股運(yùn)營商——中國聯(lián)通（China Unicom）和中國電信（China Telecom），成立合營公司，建設(shè)和管理中國的電信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

????因此，中國移動(dòng)近期表示希望進(jìn)軍海外市場的舉動(dòng)也就不難理解了。尤其是中國移動(dòng)董事長奚國華，從不掩飾公司準(zhǔn)備在北美與歐洲市場尋找發(fā)展機(jī)會的事實(shí)。這家公司推出中國首個(gè)4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)之后就宣布了這個(gè)消息。中國移動(dòng)希望利用4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)打開海外市場，為公司開拓全球業(yè)務(wù)，提高盈利能力。

????中國移動(dòng)能否對威瑞森（Verizon）和美國電話電報(bào)公司（AT&T）等構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅？分析師們認(rèn)為，進(jìn)入競爭激烈的美國市場面臨著許多障礙。

????倫敦市場研究公司HIS Technology分析師朱利安?沃森認(rèn)為：“由于中國移動(dòng)沒有頻譜和移動(dòng)牌照，因此，它可能需要收購現(xiàn)有的運(yùn)營商，在未來的拍賣中購買頻譜，或作為MVNO進(jìn)入市場。”MVNO或移動(dòng)虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商，通常按批發(fā)價(jià)從現(xiàn)有運(yùn)營商購買網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)使用權(quán)，之后將其轉(zhuǎn)售給自己的零售用戶。

????到目前為止，中國移動(dòng)的海外市場只有巴基斯坦。2007年，中國移動(dòng)以3億美元收購了巴科泰爾有限公司（Paktel）。要在美國進(jìn)行大規(guī)模收購并不容易，但也并不是完全沒有可能。

????日本的軟銀集團(tuán)（SoftBank）2012年收購了美國第3大無線運(yùn)營商斯普林特（Sprint），還計(jì)劃在下個(gè)月出價(jià)收購美國第四大運(yùn)營商T-Mobile。如果軟銀要想與威瑞森和AT&T正面交鋒，必須合并這兩家無線運(yùn)營商，盡管美國監(jiān)管部門擔(dān)心合并將減少競爭，進(jìn)而對美國消費(fèi)者造成不利影響。

????如果在年底之前，監(jiān)管部門反對這筆交易，正如它曾在2011年反對AT&T以290億美元收購T-Mobile一樣，中國移動(dòng)將迎來機(jī)會，有望與T-Mobile的母公司德國電信進(jìn)行談判。

????要進(jìn)入美國市場，還有其他途徑。中國移動(dòng)的第二種選擇是購買頻譜。美國聯(lián)邦通信委員會（U.S. Federal Communications Commission）啟動(dòng)了六年來第一次大規(guī)模無線頻譜拍賣。其中，目前用于傳輸電視信號的在600 MHz頻率范圍內(nèi)最有價(jià)值的低頻頻譜將于2015開始拍賣。

????中國移動(dòng)不需要親自參與頻譜的競購。它可以與一家美國無線運(yùn)營商合作，競購新推出的頻譜。這種做法除了可以分擔(dān)成本外，還可以幫助中國移動(dòng)獲得兼容性優(yōu)勢：中國使用的4G標(biāo)準(zhǔn)TD-LTE（時(shí)分長期演進(jìn)）可以補(bǔ)充美國使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)FD-LTE（頻分長期演進(jìn)）。

????It's difficult to ignore China Mobile (CHL). The world's largest wireless carrier as measured by subscribers -- 760 million at last count -- the company is so successful in its home country that the Chinese government wants to reduce the its domestic dominance by allowing two other state-controlled carriers, China Unicom and China Telecom, to establish a joint venture to build and manage telecommunications infrastructure in the country.

????It's understandable, then, that China Mobile has recently expressed interest in flexing its substantial muscle in overseas markets. Chairman Xi Guohua in particular has made no secret of the fact that the state-owned enterprise is ready to explore growth opportunities in North America and Europe. The news comes on the heels of the launch of China's first 4G network, which China Mobile hopes to leverage overseas to build a global footprint and boost profitability.

????Could China Mobile pose a serious threat to the likes of Verizon (VZN) and AT&T (T)? Analysts say the hurdles are high for entry into the crowded U.S. market.

????"Because it lacks spectrum and mobile licenses, it would need to acquire existing operators, buy spectrum in future auctions, or enter the market as an MVNO," says Julian Watson, an analyst at the research firm IHS Technology in London. A mobile virtual network operator, or MVNO, typically buys access to network services from an existing operator at wholesale rates, then resells to its own retail subscribers.

????To date, China Mobile's only foreign play is in Pakistan. In 2007, it purchased Paktel for about $300 million. Making a significant acquisition in the U.S. would be difficult, but not impossible.

????Japan's SoftBank, which acquired the No. 3 U.S. wireless carrier Sprint (S) in 2012, is expected to make a bid for the No. 4 U.S. carrier, T-Mobile (TMUS), next month. SoftBank is believed to need to combine the two wireless carriers if it hopes to compete head-to-head with Verizon and AT&T, though U.S. regulators have expressed concern that such a merger would reduce competition and negatively impact American consumers.

????If regulators sink the deal before the year is out -- just as they did with AT&T's proposed $39 billion acquisition of T-Mobile in 2011 -- it could open the door to China Mobile negotiating an agreement with T-Mobile's parent company, Deutsche Telekom.

????There are other ways to enter the U.S. market. China Mobile's second option is buying spectrum. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission has kicked off its first major auction of wireless airwaves in six years. The most valuable band, low-frequency airwaves in the 600 MHz range currently being used for broadcast TV signals, is scheduled to hit the block in 2015.

????China Mobile need not go after the spectrum alone, either. The company could partner with a U.S. wireless carrier to bid for the newly available band. In additional to cost sharing, China Mobile would enjoy compatibility: The 4G standard used in China, known as TD-LTE (Time Division-Long Term Evolution), complements the standard used in the U.S., FD-LTE (Frequency Division-Long-Term Evolution).