????健康追蹤器（也就是基于藍(lán)牙技術(shù)的腕帶和可穿戴設(shè)備，能監(jiān)測人們的心率、行走步數(shù)和消耗的卡路里）去年著實熱鬧了一陣。然后所有人都意識到，光知道自己每天走了多少步其實沒什么用。您會拿這些信息做什么用呢？一些研究報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，這類設(shè)備有半數(shù)最終都閑置了起來；業(yè)內(nèi)專家則認(rèn)為這個數(shù)字要接近85%。

????健康追蹤設(shè)備可謂大勢己去。下一波互聯(lián)設(shè)備則采取了全新的互動方式：它們不再鼓勵用戶去鍛煉，也不是鼓勵他們保持飲食和睡眠健康，同時用什么虛擬獎牌和數(shù)字化擊掌致意來獎勵他們；相反，這些全新設(shè)備用羞恥感、負(fù)罪感，以及某種情況下的物理震動來讓用戶守規(guī)矩。

????如果說第一代健康追蹤設(shè)備奉上的是胡蘿卜，那最新一代設(shè)備揮舞的就是大棒了。很快，你所擁有的一切東西，從板凳到打火機(jī)，從叉子到皮帶，都能把你罵上一頓。

????比如Quitbit，這是個“智能打火機(jī)”，它能測出用戶抽了多少煙。它的設(shè)計意圖是希望這類信息能讓用戶少抽點煙。它的設(shè)計師是在用“谷歌醫(yī)生”（Google Docs）和iPhone notes追蹤自己的抽煙情況后才有了設(shè)計它的念頭。他們知道自己并不總會因為自己抽了多少煙而感到自豪，因此也不會很有動力地記錄這種行為。所以他們才會打造這么一款打火機(jī)來記錄抽煙數(shù)據(jù)。中野卓二和阿塔?高夫拉尼這兩位創(chuàng)始人表示，這款設(shè)備確實能幫吸煙者少抽煙。除此之外，Quitbit還能設(shè)定每天有效工作的次數(shù)。他們很注意不要激發(fā)吸煙者的負(fù)罪感，因為吸煙者需要一定的時間來認(rèn)識到戒煙的必要性。中野說：“我們不得不小心行事，通過讓吸煙者逐步意識到自己的吸煙量，持續(xù)地推動他們慢慢戒煙。我們希望能讓他們確實有動力試著戒煙。”Quitbit已在眾籌網(wǎng)站Kickstarter上公布了募資目標(biāo)，今年晚些時候就能上市銷售。

????喝酒的人們則可以選用各種iPhone上的酒精測試工具。它們不僅能告訴用戶他們到底醉到了什么程度，還需要多久才能清醒，還能通過一個簡明的表格顯示出一段時間以來的酒精攝入量。喜歡定量的飲酒者可以選擇的工具有BACTrack（去年我評測過），Breathometer或Alcohoot。

????吃得太快的人可以使用Hapifork。這是一款電子叉子，用戶如果吃得太快，它就會開始震動。它的設(shè)計理念是，吃得慢一些可以讓用戶吃得少些，咀嚼更充分以幫助消化，同時減少腸胃返流。它自然也自帶了一款應(yīng)用，可以監(jiān)測用戶一段時間內(nèi)的飲食速度。

????如果要糾正不良體態(tài)，可以用LumoBack，每當(dāng)用戶弓腰塌背時，這條聯(lián)網(wǎng)的帶子就會震動。帶子上的一個傳感器會不斷跳動，直到用戶調(diào)整到“正確姿勢”為止。一個相關(guān)的智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用可以讓用戶“看到”自己的體態(tài)，并給自己坐得或站得有多直打分。此外，它還能監(jiān)測我們站立、端坐及睡覺各花了多少時間。

????有些人不喜歡戴著震動帶，他們可以用Darma，所謂的“智能靠墊”。這個設(shè)備能發(fā)出震動提示，讓用戶站起來（記得嗎？坐著很難受），同時警告用戶糾正自己的糟糕體態(tài)。生產(chǎn)這款設(shè)備的公司大談這個“靠墊”是如何不煩人，因為它不需要掛在身體上。

????Fitness trackers–the Bluetooth-enabled bracelets and wearable devices that monitor things like a person’s heart rate, steps taken and calories burned–had a moment last year. Then everyone realized that knowing how many steps they’d taken each day wasn’t all that helpful. What do you do with that information? Reports surfaced that half of fitness tracking devices had become inactive; industry experts suggest that number is closer to 85%.

????The fitness tracker moment has passed. The next wave of connected devices is taking a different approach: Instead of incentivizing users to exercise or sleep or eat healthy, and rewarding them for it with virtual badges and digital high-fives, this new class of devices use shame, guilt, and in one case, a physical shock, to keep their owners in line.

????Where first-generation fitness trackers offered the carrot, the latest class is offering the stick. Soon everything you own, from your chair, to your lighter, to your fork or belt, will be able to scold you.

????Take Quitbit. It’s a “smart lighter,” which measures how much its owner smokes, in hopes that that information will motivate them to cut back on the habit. Its designers created the device after they tried to track their own smoking with Google Docs and iPhone notes. They realized they weren’t always proud of how much they smoked, and therefore weren’t motivated to continue recording the behavior. So they built a lighter that records the data for them. In addition to tracking the data, which founders Takuji Nakano and Ata Ghofrani say is proven to help smokers decrease their smoking, Quitbit can be programmed to only work a certain number of times each day. They’re careful not to push the guilt factor, since it takes time for smokers to come around to the idea of quitting. “We have to be really gentle with it and will continually ease them into it by making them more cognitive about how much they’re smoking,” Nakano says. “We want to empower them to just try to quit.” The Quitbit crossed its funding goal on Kickstarter and will be available for purchase later this year.

????For drinkers, there are a myriad of iPhone breathalyzer tools that not only tell users how intoxicated they are and how long until they’ll be sober, but map out alcohol intake over time in a handy chart. The quantified drinker can choose from breathalyzer devices from BACTrack (which I reviewed last year),Breathometer, or Alcohoot.

????For speed-eaters, there’s Hapifork, an electronic fork that vibrates when its user eats too fast. The idea is that eating more slowly helps users consume less food, chewing more frequently to aid digestion and decrease gastric reflux. Naturally, there’s an app to go with it, tracking one’s eating speeds over time.

????For fixing bad posture, there’s the LumoBack, a connected belt that vibrates any time its wearer slouches. A sensor can be set to pulse until the wearer has adjusted into a “good posture.” A related smartphone app allows users to “watch” their posture, assigning a score for how straight one is sitting or standing. In addition, the LumoBack tracks time spent standing, sitting, and sleeping.

????For those uncomfortable wearing a vibrating belt, there’s Darma, the “smart cushion.” This device offers vibrating reminders to stand up (sitting kills, remember?) and to alert users to correct their bad posture. The company touts the cushion’s non-intrusiveness, since it is not stuck on your body.