????而最具懲罰性、目前還沒(méi)有上市的一款設(shè)備叫Pavlok，這個(gè)名字是為了紀(jì)念經(jīng)典條件反射理論研究之父的。它的發(fā)明者是梅尼西?塞西，這是一位在網(wǎng)上暴得大名的博主。之所以出名，是因?yàn)樗?jīng)雇了一位女性，只要看到他不當(dāng)心打開(kāi)了Facebook就扇他一巴掌。Pavlok腕帶就是從這種試驗(yàn)中打造出來(lái)的，而且正在幾百位用戶中進(jìn)行測(cè)試（塞西稱(chēng)，公司今年晚些時(shí)候會(huì)為此發(fā)布一個(gè)眾籌計(jì)劃）。

????用戶可以通過(guò)設(shè)定自己的腕帶來(lái)改變很多習(xí)慣，既可以在瀏覽器里少開(kāi)幾個(gè)標(biāo)簽，也可以學(xué)會(huì)每天冥想。Pavlok的用戶可以給自己設(shè)定一個(gè)目標(biāo)，同時(shí)選擇一位“仲裁者”。這位仲裁會(huì)收到一條短信，每天晚上七點(diǎn)對(duì)該用戶進(jìn)行檢查。如果這名用戶沒(méi)有完成目標(biāo)，腕帶就會(huì)傳給他們一陣震動(dòng)，同時(shí)還會(huì)被從應(yīng)用里扣錢(qián)。如果他們完成了目標(biāo)，就能獲得彩票或現(xiàn)金之類(lèi)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。塞西表示，這種腕帶從懲戒壞習(xí)慣開(kāi)始，隨著時(shí)間推移開(kāi)始逐漸獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)好行為。他說(shuō)：“負(fù)面回饋先讓你開(kāi)始用上它，慢慢地正面獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)幫助你養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。當(dāng)你開(kāi)始養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣時(shí)，就可以取消懲戒措施，代之以正面的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。隨后，當(dāng)這個(gè)習(xí)慣逐漸變得自然而然后，你就不再需要它了?！?/p>

????這一波懲罰神器的浪潮可能最終也會(huì)像健康追蹤器一樣以被丟在一邊收?qǐng)?。但如果能借此改掉壞?xí)慣，哪怕丟了也不代表失敗——這反而說(shuō)明用戶成功改掉了壞習(xí)慣，再也不需要這么個(gè)玩意兒來(lái)看著自己了。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：清遠(yuǎn)

????But the most punishing device, not yet available in the market, is the Pavlok, its name a nod to the father of classical conditioning research. Pavlok was created by Maneesh Sethi, a blogger who became Internet-famous when he hired a woman to slap him every time he mindlessly opened Facebook. The Pavlok bracelet, which has been beta testing several hundred users, grew out of that experiment. (The company will launch a crowdfunding campaign later this year, Sethi says.)

????Users can program the bracelet to change a variety of habits, from opening fewer tabs in their web browser, to meditating every day. Pavlok users assign themselves a goal and choose a “referee,” who gets a text message to check in every day at 7 p.m. If the user hasn’t completed their goal, they get a shock through the bracelet and charged money through the app. If they complete their goal, they get rewards like lottery tickets or money. Sethi says the bracelet starts with punishment for bad behavior, and moves to positive feedback for good behavior over time. “The negative gets you started and the positive keeps the habit going,” he says. “As you start to succeed, you can take away the negative reinforcement and give positive reinforcement. And then the habit comes more automatic and you don’t need it at all.”

????This wave of punishing devices may end up with same high abandonment rates as fitness trackers. But in the case of breaking bad habits, abandonment doesn’t mean failure–it could mean users have successfully broken their bad habits and no longer need a device to judge them.