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豐田推出第一款燃料電池汽車(chē),特斯拉埃隆?穆斯克接招吧

豐田推出第一款燃料電池汽車(chē),特斯拉埃隆?穆斯克接招吧

Geoffrey Smith 2014年06月27日
豐田汽車(chē)發(fā)布了第一款氫燃料電池汽車(chē),計(jì)劃明年四月份在日本上市,并于2015年夏登陸美國(guó)和歐洲市場(chǎng)。特斯拉電動(dòng)汽車(chē)屆時(shí)將迎來(lái)一位勁敵。

????笑料般的電池,遲遲不登場(chǎng)的電池,以及埃隆?穆斯克。

????周三,豐田汽車(chē)公司(Toyota Motor Co. )發(fā)布了最新款汽車(chē),希望在綠色汽車(chē)開(kāi)發(fā)的下一個(gè)階段,與特斯拉汽車(chē)公司的電池驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車(chē)展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

????在東京舉行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播發(fā)布會(huì)上,豐田汽車(chē)研發(fā)部總裁兼董事會(huì)成員加藤光久表示,公司的氫燃料電池汽車(chē)將于明年四月份在日本上市,并于2015年夏登陸美國(guó)和歐洲市場(chǎng)。

????這款汽車(chē)的預(yù)售價(jià)為700萬(wàn)日元(約合69,000美元),續(xù)航里程為400公里,與特斯拉(Tesla)的Model S不相上下。豐田這款汽車(chē)的成本比它之前的估算降低了30%——加藤光久認(rèn)為,這主要得益于豐田為普銳斯(Prius)開(kāi)發(fā)的混合動(dòng)力技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的交叉改進(jìn)。

????雖然最初發(fā)展較為緩慢,但現(xiàn)在,混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)已經(jīng)占到豐田汽車(chē)全球銷量的10%。

????氫燃料電池汽車(chē)通過(guò)氫氧化學(xué)反應(yīng)發(fā)電,排出的燃燒產(chǎn)物只有水蒸氣。特斯拉董事長(zhǎng)埃隆?穆斯克因?yàn)閷?duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的評(píng)價(jià)出了名的粗魯。他說(shuō)氫燃料電池技術(shù)是“狗屎”,而體面一點(diǎn)的評(píng)價(jià)也不過(guò)是“一堆垃圾”。

????豐田汽車(chē)借助日本政府的補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃,降低最終售價(jià),使它適合在大眾市場(chǎng)銷售。日本國(guó)內(nèi)沒(méi)有石油儲(chǔ)備,因此一直以來(lái),這個(gè)國(guó)家都有巨大的動(dòng)力來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)替代性的汽車(chē)燃料。日本希望,到2025年能燃料電池汽車(chē)的零售價(jià)降低到200萬(wàn)日元。

????但這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于,必須投入巨資興建專用的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。與插電式電池動(dòng)力汽車(chē)不同,燃料電池需要像傳統(tǒng)油箱一樣加氣,而這需要一個(gè)全新的氫氣站網(wǎng)絡(luò)。不過(guò),燃料電池也存在有利的一面。加藤光久表示,燃料電池汽車(chē)只需要三分鐘就可以完成燃料補(bǔ)給。

????豐田汽車(chē)發(fā)言人在英國(guó)承認(rèn),基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施問(wèn)題將是初始階段的一個(gè)棘手問(wèn)題。

????他說(shuō):“這其實(shí)是雞與蛋的問(wèn)題。你必須在你認(rèn)為會(huì)有人使用這種汽車(chē)的地方興建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,”他還說(shuō)。“燃料電池汽車(chē)的實(shí)用性將會(huì)發(fā)揮巨大的影響力?!边@一點(diǎn)也會(huì)推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)。

????他表示,與其他國(guó)家一樣,英國(guó)也在召集汽車(chē)制造商、燃?xì)夤竞土闶凵?,共同研究興建這類基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????Fool cells, schmool cells, Elon Musk.

????Toyota Motor Co. TM Wednesday unveiled the car that it expects to go toe-to-toe with Tesla Motors Inc.’s TSLA 1.89% battery-powered ones in the next stage of green vehicle development.

????At a presentation webcast from Tokyo, head of R&D and board member Mitsuhisa Kato said the company aims to launch the car, powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, in the Japanese market in by April next year, and in the U.S. and Europe by the summer of 2015.

????The initial price will be a chunky 7 million yen ($69,000) and will have a cruising range of 400 kilometers, more or less in line with Tesla’s Model S. It’s about 30% below what Toyota had previously estimated it would cost–something that Kato put down, in part, to cross-fertilisation from the hybrid-motor technology developed by Toyota for its Prius models.

????Slow to take off initially, hybrid cars now account for over 10% of Toyota’s global sales.

????Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity from the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, creating water vapor as their only exhaust product. Tesla chairman Elon Musk has been notoriously rude about the technology, calling it “bull****” and, more decently, “a load of rubbish”.

????Toyota is relying on a Japanese government subsidy scheme to bring the final price down to a level where it can sell in the mass market. Japan, with no oil reserves of its own, has traditionally had a huge incentive to develop alternative motor fuels and is aiming to bring the retail price for fuel cell vehicles down to 2 million yen by 2025.

????Arguably the biggest challenge for the new technology will be the need to invest massive sums in dedicated infrastructure. Unlike plug-in battery-powered cars, the fuel cells will need to be topped up like a traditional gas tank, only from a whole new network of hydrogen stations. On the plus side, Kato said the FCV could refuel in only three minutes.

????A spokesman for Toyota in the U.K. acknowledged that the infrastructure question makes the start-up phase a particularly thorny problem.

????“It’s a sort of chicken-and-egg situation. You have to put the infrastructure where you think the cars are going to be used,” he said. “But the availability of the car will make a big difference” in generating momentum for the project.

????The U.K., like other countries, has brought together carmakers, gas companies and retailers together to work on a national strategy for rolling out such infrastructure, he said.

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