????2. 阿里巴巴與中國政府：愛恨交織

????馬云在政府那里第一次碰釘子是其“中國黃頁”網(wǎng)站，馬云對政府官員解釋道，“我們致力于在信息高速公路上宣傳中國”，但是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)當時還是一個嶄新的概念，因此要得到政府的支持相當不易，所以“中國黃頁”項目失敗了。一心想要在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上留下中國印記的他轉(zhuǎn)換了思維并開始進軍電子商務(wù)。馬云在影片中說：“如果我們是一個好團隊而且清楚自己想要做什么，那么我們便可以以一當十。我們能夠打敗政府機構(gòu)和大型國有公司，因為我們有創(chuàng)新精神?！卑＠锼孤谟捌薪忉屨f，最終，阿里巴巴得到了政府支持，而且當?shù)毓賳T也開始認識到該公司能創(chuàng)造大量就業(yè)崗位。然而，每當阿里巴巴希望接受一筆新投資時，比如雅虎2005年曾以10億美元購買其40%的股份，它都必須獲得中國政府的批準。

????2. Alibaba has a love-hate relationship with the Chinese government

????Ma first ran into problems with the Chinese government with his China Pages effort, when trying to deal with strict regulations on private information. Ma explained to officials, “We are working on promoting China on the information superhighway,” but the internet was such a new concept that it was hard to get government support, and China Pages fizzled. Insistent on giving China a web presence, Ma switched gears and pursued e-commerce. “If we are a good team and know what we want to do, one of us can defeat ten of them. We can beat government agencies and big government companies because of our innovative spirit,” Ma says in the film. Eventually, Alibaba received government support as local officials began viewing the company as a job creator, Erisman explains in the film. Still, each time Alibaba wanted to accept a new investment—such as when Yahoo bought a 40% stake in 2005 for $1 billion – it had to be approved by the government.

????3. 阿里巴巴的大敵：eBay

????在阿里巴巴早期的時候，隨著eBay進一步深入中國市場，馬云感覺到了威脅。2003年，eBay收購了易趣網(wǎng)，后者是一家與eBay有著類似商業(yè)模式的中國拍賣網(wǎng)站。埃里斯曼解釋說：“【馬云】要我做好準備，迎接阿里巴巴最大的挑戰(zhàn)。我們打算向eBay開戰(zhàn)?！睘榱藢Ω秂Bay，阿里巴巴推出了一個名為淘寶（Taobao）的新網(wǎng)站，一個消費者對消費者（C2C）而不是企業(yè)對企業(yè)（B2B）的市場平臺。隨后，馬云加大了賭注，免去當時淘寶前三年內(nèi)的交易費，但eBay卻照收不誤。埃里斯曼稱，馬云希望，如果客戶在淘寶上交易比eBay更劃算，那么他的競爭對手就不得不跟進，以此來壓縮eBay的利潤空間，否則，eBay將失去這塊業(yè)務(wù)或完全退出中國市場。埃里斯曼說：此舉意味著阿里巴巴“公開向eBay宣戰(zhàn)”。雖然，本著友誼第一的體育精神，馬云定下了一條基本原則，那就是任何人都不得對eBay當時的首席執(zhí)行官梅格?惠特曼發(fā)起任何人身攻擊。在短短數(shù)年內(nèi)，由于遲遲不肯降低在易趣網(wǎng)的交易費，eBay的中國業(yè)務(wù)以失敗收場。

????3. Alibaba’s archenemy is eBay

????As eBay pushed further into the Chinese market during Alibaba’s early years, Ma felt threatened. In 2003 eBay acquired EachNet, a China-based auction site with a similar business model to its own. "[Ma] told me to be prepared for Alibaba's biggest challenge yet," Erisman explains. "We were going to war with eBay." To fend off eBay, Alibaba launched a new website called Taobao, a marketplace for consumer-to-consumer selling rather than business-to-business. Ma then upped the ante by waiving Taobao’s transaction fees for the first three years, while eBay kept charging. Ma hoped that by offering customers a better deal on Taobao than on eBay, his competitor would have to match it, cutting into eBay’s margins, or lose business—and back out of China altogether, according to Erisman. With the move, Alibaba “publicly declare[d] war on eBay,” Erisman narrates. For the sake of good sportsmanship, though, Ma made a ground rule that nobody was to launch any personal attacks against Meg Whitman, eBay’s CEO at the time. Within a few years, eBay, after belatedly cutting fees on EachNet, ended its business in China.