????允許部分上班族在緊急情況下使用電梯。按照慣例，在緊急情況下，高層建筑的電梯僅供消防人員使用。NIST建議，建筑電梯應(yīng)能夠承受火災(zāi)和混凝土芯結(jié)構(gòu)受損。

????使用黑暗中可發(fā)光的標(biāo)志指示樓梯間與緊急出口。聽起來很簡單，但并非所有建筑都有這樣的標(biāo)記，尤其是在2000年之前建造的建筑。911事件的悲劇發(fā)生5年后，紐約市規(guī)定在樓梯間設(shè)置發(fā)光標(biāo)識(shí)，紐約因此成為第一個(gè)有類似規(guī)定的大城市。目前，超過1,500棟建筑設(shè)置了類似標(biāo)志，但這在美國的高層建筑中僅占一小部分。

????如果一個(gè)城市采用了這些建議，并且要求高層建筑設(shè)置避難層、視頻監(jiān)控和自動(dòng)灑水系統(tǒng)，摩天大樓的安全性將大幅提高。

????此外，放寬對(duì)直升機(jī)停機(jī)坪的要求，也可以使建筑師們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出更有趣的屋頂天臺(tái)。直升機(jī)停機(jī)坪至少需要50x50英尺的空間，而且周圍通常要設(shè)立25英尺的緩沖區(qū)。這導(dǎo)致各種大同小異、四四方方的屋頂，占據(jù)了洛杉磯的天際線。

????除了有失美感外，設(shè)有直升機(jī)停機(jī)坪的四方屋頂，也錯(cuò)過了利用可持續(xù)功能創(chuàng)建“綠色”屋頂?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在，洛杉磯的大樓也可以像上海的上海中心大廈（Shanghai Tower）一樣，在屋頂設(shè)計(jì)可以收集雨水的螺旋形結(jié)構(gòu)。部分摩天大樓的屋頂設(shè)計(jì)了風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)，用來風(fēng)力發(fā)電，例如倫敦的斯特拉塔（Strata Tower）。

????對(duì)于放寬摩天大樓樓頂直升機(jī)停機(jī)坪的規(guī)定，我們無須擔(dān)心，恰恰相反，這將給我們帶來許多好處。洛杉磯人會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)出哪些有創(chuàng)意的摩天大樓呢？我很期待。

????本為作者海爾?阿爾孔德曼尼是伊利諾伊大學(xué)芝加哥分校（University of Illinois at Chicago）城市規(guī)劃與政策系教授。本文原刊登于信息交流網(wǎng)站Zocalo Public Square。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????Allow some office workers to use elevators in an emergency. Conventionally, in an emergency situation, elevators in high-rise buildings are used by firefighters only. NIST recommends building elevators that can withstand fires and structural damage in the concrete core of a building.

????Mark stairwells and exits with glow-in-the-dark signs. As simple as it sounds, not every building has such markings, especially those built before the 2000s. New York was the first large city to require luminous markings in stairwells, five years after the 9/11 tragic events. More than 1,500 buildings now have the markings, but that’s still a small fraction of America’s tall buildings.

????If a city adopts these recommendations – and also asks tall buildings to include refuge floors, video-camera surveillance, and automatic sprinkler systems — the safety of the skyscrapers will increase significantly.

????Relaxing the requirements of a helipad also will empower architects to create more interesting rooftops. A space 50-by-50-feet wide at minimum is required for a helipad spot, plus a typical additional 25 feet around it as a buffer. This has resulted in a repetitive, boxy roof shape in the Los Angeles skyline.

????Beyond aesthetics, boxy rooftops with helipads are really a missed opportunity to create “green” roofs with sustainable features. Now Los Angeles can do something like the spiral form in the rooftop of Shanghai Tower in Shanghai that captures rainwater. Some towers’ tops are now designated for wind turbines to harness wind energy, such as the Strata Tower in London.

????There’s nothing to fear – and much to gain – in relaxing the helipad requirement. I, for one, will be watching to see what inventive skyscrapers Angelinos come up with.

????Kheir Al-Kodmany is a professor in the Department of Urban Planning and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He wrote this for Zocalo Public Square.