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如何防止機(jī)器人搶走你的飯碗?

如何防止機(jī)器人搶走你的飯碗?

Ryan Feit 2014年12月05日
機(jī)器人時(shí)代即將到來(lái),許多職業(yè)或?qū)⒃庥鰷珥斨疄?zāi),但與其想方設(shè)法地保護(hù)就業(yè)崗位或提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn),倒不如好好想想如何改進(jìn)過(guò)時(shí)的教育體系,以應(yīng)對(duì)新科技革命的挑戰(zhàn)。

????麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?奧特指出:“到19世紀(jì)末……很多美國(guó)人意識(shí)到,農(nóng)業(yè)的就業(yè)率正在下降,工業(yè)就業(yè)率正在上升。而他們的孩子需要接受額外的教育才能夠養(yǎng)家糊口?!笔澜玢y行也指出,在1900到1940年之間,美國(guó)14至17歲青少年的高中入學(xué)率從10%上升到75%。因此,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的成熟,數(shù)百萬(wàn)勞動(dòng)者離開農(nóng)場(chǎng)后,能夠獲得薪水更高的工作。

????但這一次,我們需要的不是更多的學(xué)校,而是不同的學(xué)校。學(xué)校需要投入更大精力,向下一代人傳授新的技能,使他們能在新的科技革命中受益,而不是“靠邊站”。特別需要指出的是,機(jī)器人的溝通和解決問(wèn)題的能力依然很糟糕。所以,學(xué)校應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的批判式思維和社交能力。另外,在未來(lái)的一二十年,機(jī)器人大概也很難掌握設(shè)計(jì)和自我管理能力,因此,學(xué)校應(yīng)該著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力和管理技能。

????除了重點(diǎn)傳授不同的技能,學(xué)校還應(yīng)教會(huì)學(xué)生如何與機(jī)器和其它新興技術(shù)共同工作。如今,那些征服了電腦的人有更大的成功機(jī)會(huì)。而在未來(lái),那些掌握了機(jī)器人和大數(shù)據(jù)的人也將是如此。奧特在最近發(fā)表的一篇論文中指出:人們“經(jīng)??浯罅藱C(jī)器對(duì)人力的取代作用,忽視了它極強(qiáng)的補(bǔ)充作用?!痹谖磥?lái)20年中,我們的成功不一定取決于我們的量化技能或努力程度,而是取決于能否很好地與機(jī)器人協(xié)同工作。

????兩年前,我的一個(gè)親戚被診斷出患有前列腺癌。諷刺的是,他自己就是一名杰出的泌尿科醫(yī)生,曾經(jīng)做過(guò)3000多例前列腺癌手術(shù),但是他沒(méi)法給自己手術(shù)。他在選擇醫(yī)生時(shí),選擇了一名據(jù)說(shuō)是最善于操作達(dá)芬奇外科手術(shù)系統(tǒng)(Da Vinci Surgical System,一種機(jī)器人手術(shù)系統(tǒng))的外科醫(yī)生。他的醫(yī)術(shù)當(dāng)然依然很重要,但是機(jī)器人能讓醫(yī)生的雙手進(jìn)行更微小、更精確的切割操作。雖然像工業(yè)革命一樣,科技革命將給人類帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn),但機(jī)器人最終會(huì)幫助我們更好地完成工作,解決那些我們今天甚至無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????本文作者萊恩?費(fèi)特是SeedInvest公司的CEO和聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人,SeedInvest是紐約的一家連接投資人和創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的私募眾籌平臺(tái)。

????According to MIT Economist David Autor, “By the late 19th century … many Americans recognized that farm employment was declining, industry was rising and their children would need additional education to earn a living.” The World Bank notes that between 1900 and 1940, the percentage of 14- to 17-year-olds enrolled in high school in the U.S. increased from 10% to 75%. As a result, millions of workers left farms and were able to obtain higher-paying jobs as the economy matured.

????But this time, we don’t need more schools, we need different schools. Schools will need to place a greater focus on skills that will enable the next generation to benefit from the upcoming technological wave instead of merely getting swept aside. In particular, robots are still horrible communicators and problem solvers. So schools should evolve to emphasize critical thinking and social skills. It is also highly unlikely that during the next couple decades robots will learn how to design and manage themselves, so schools should stress creativity and management skills.

????In addition to focusing on different skill sets, schools will need to teach students how to work with machines and other emerging technologies. Today, those who have conquered computers have given themselves a much greater chance of succeeding. Tomorrow, the same will be true as it pertains to robots and big data. In a recent paper, Autor observed that people often “overstate the extent of machine substitution for human labor and ignore the strong complementarities.” In 20 years, our success will not necessarily be driven by our quantitative skills or our work effort, but by how well we collaborate with robots.

????Two years ago, a relative of mine was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Ironically, he is a talented urologist who has performed over 3,000 prostate cancer surgeries, but couldn’t operate on himself. When it came to choosing a doctor, he selected a surgeon who was arguably the best in the world at operating with the da Vinci Surgical System, a robotic surgical system. His physician’s skills were still as important as ever but the robot enabled his doctor to translate his hand movements into smaller, more precise incisions. Although the Technology Revolution will come with its share of challenges, like the Industrial Revolution, it will ultimately enable us to do our jobs better than before and solve problems that we can’t even fathom solving today.

????Ryan Feit is CEO and co-founder of SeedInvest, a New York City-based equity crowdfunding platform that connects investors with startups.

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