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微軟CEO談IT轉(zhuǎn)型、亞馬遜與Windows 10

微軟CEO談IT轉(zhuǎn)型、亞馬遜與Windows 10

Barb Darrow 2015年05月12日
在云計(jì)算時(shí)代,“自帶設(shè)備上班”潮流風(fēng)起云涌,許多企業(yè)的IT人員越來(lái)越邊緣化。但微軟CEO納德拉認(rèn)為,IT的真正含義應(yīng)該是創(chuàng)新(Innovation)與轉(zhuǎn)型(Transformation),而IT人員正是企業(yè)創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵推動(dòng)者。在接受《財(cái)富》專(zhuān)訪時(shí),他還談到了微軟和亞馬遜等公司在云計(jì)算領(lǐng)域的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),以及Windows 10對(duì)于這家科技巨頭的意義。

????大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為亞馬遜才是核心架構(gòu)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍者。隨著時(shí)間的推移,它添加了更高級(jí)的服務(wù),與通用電氣等大公司的合作也越來(lái)越多。你怎么看云計(jì)算市場(chǎng)上針對(duì)大客戶的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?谷歌是否也是一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者?

????企業(yè)市場(chǎng)從來(lái)不是一個(gè)“贏者通吃”的市場(chǎng)。如果你看看之前的主從式服務(wù)器時(shí)代,我們有很多成功的例子,甲骨文、EMC和思科也一樣。在云時(shí)代,你可能會(huì)說(shuō),我們和亞馬遜、谷歌都有超大規(guī)模的云業(yè)務(wù)。但我認(rèn)為只有亞馬遜和我們,或許還有VMware能在這個(gè)新時(shí)代繼續(xù)保持上一代的領(lǐng)先地位。

????我其實(shí)并不關(guān)注在IaaS(“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施即服務(wù)”)領(lǐng)域與亞馬遜的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),那不重要。我們的Azure Active Directory“微軟云”服務(wù)已經(jīng)有了500萬(wàn)個(gè)實(shí)體用戶,這意味著有500萬(wàn)個(gè)商業(yè)實(shí)體在云端上與微軟有聯(lián)系,而且他們既沒(méi)有用本地服務(wù),也沒(méi)有我們的許可證。他們使用微軟Dynamics進(jìn)行客戶關(guān)系管理或企業(yè)資源管理,還使用微軟的Office 365、Azure和企業(yè)移動(dòng)套件。而這500萬(wàn)個(gè)商業(yè)實(shí)體中,還有4.5億個(gè)個(gè)人。

????在我看來(lái),真正重要的,是擁有正確的SaaS的價(jià)值組合。我不認(rèn)為我們的服務(wù)器業(yè)務(wù)是“過(guò)時(shí)的”,或是所謂的“遺產(chǎn)”。我認(rèn)為服務(wù)器業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)我們的云業(yè)務(wù)來(lái)說(shuō)是一種優(yōu)勢(shì)。

????我們現(xiàn)在有能力將云業(yè)務(wù)和服務(wù)器業(yè)務(wù)捆綁到一塊,這是我們的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的能力。所以我們究竟在與誰(shuí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?亞馬遜在這方面是沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的,他們沒(méi)有服務(wù)器,谷歌也沒(méi)有。甲骨文也沒(méi)有等同的能力。所以這些都是我們想要領(lǐng)先的領(lǐng)域。

????我并不是說(shuō),我們是唯一一家能夠在云服務(wù)方面取得成功的公司。就像上一個(gè)時(shí)代一樣,其他公司也能取得成功。但在技術(shù)前景方面,我們是符合歷史潮流的。你提到的幾個(gè)名字都很對(duì),有谷歌、亞馬遜,還有我們。但是誰(shuí)受到了企業(yè)界的信任?誰(shuí)擁有一直專(zhuān)注企業(yè)界的韌性?有些公司說(shuō)自己是做企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)的,喊了幾天口號(hào),就轉(zhuǎn)到下一個(gè)項(xiàng)目了。

????我想要大規(guī)模地構(gòu)建我們自己的公共云。我們有超過(guò)100萬(wàn)臺(tái)機(jī)器。我想要采用同樣的軟件——這時(shí)我們就要說(shuō)說(shuō)SQL(服務(wù)器)2016了。目前它已經(jīng)開(kāi)始運(yùn)行了,它的名字叫Azure D8。我們將把它反向集成到一款服務(wù)器產(chǎn)品中。我認(rèn)為這種能力在長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)都會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)好處。

????我們似乎還沒(méi)有提到Windows或Office。微軟是否依然是一家做Windows的公司?

????Windows目前擁有15億用戶。每月都有8.5億臺(tái)機(jī)器進(jìn)行Windows升級(jí),這還沒(méi)有算上那些因?yàn)楸黄髽I(yè)防火墻隔絕而沒(méi)法直接進(jìn)行Windows升級(jí)的機(jī)器。所以說(shuō)我們擁有一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)的用戶群。另外每年還有3億臺(tái)PC被銷(xiāo)售出去。

????所以Windows 10對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一件大事。它是一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開(kāi)始,不僅對(duì)于PC,對(duì)于平板電腦、智能手機(jī)、全息電腦、Surface Hub和Raspberry Pi(又稱(chēng)“樹(shù)莓派”,一款小型卡片式電腦)也是一樣。Windows已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)不止局限于PC。它是一個(gè)核心、一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)、一個(gè)平臺(tái)。

????所以對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),Windows也是云服務(wù)的一個(gè)重要部分。但我認(rèn)為,Windows的重要性不僅在于一款設(shè)備。當(dāng)我說(shuō)“移動(dòng)第一”或“云第一”時(shí),我指的是應(yīng)用的移動(dòng)性或體驗(yàn),而不是設(shè)備的移動(dòng)性。所以我們的控制平面其實(shí)是云技術(shù)。

????我在這次訪談中其實(shí)談到了好幾次Office 365,但有趣的是,你并沒(méi)有把它當(dāng)成Office。正是由于Office 365,Azure Active Directory才有了那么多商業(yè)客戶。它是我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)Azure項(xiàng)目的核心,也是Office的核心。而且當(dāng)你登錄Windows的時(shí)候,你其實(shí)同時(shí)登錄了你的微軟賬戶和Azure Active Directory。所以我才說(shuō)我們的控制平面是云服務(wù),這些都是整合的方法。

????如果我是一個(gè)移動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)者,我可以為蘋(píng)果的iOS開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用,也可以為Android或Windows開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。但硬件廠商和微軟之間也有一些摩擦。所以我為什么要選擇為你們而不是為iOS和Android開(kāi)發(fā)呢?

????我認(rèn)為,只要能接觸到最多的用戶,賺最多的錢(qián),開(kāi)發(fā)者就會(huì)去開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。我們?cè)贐uild峰會(huì)上說(shuō),我們希望開(kāi)發(fā)者開(kāi)發(fā)通用的Windows應(yīng)用(即在各種設(shè)備上都可以用)。這樣做是很有道理的。如果你開(kāi)發(fā)了一款通用應(yīng)用,你想獲得10英尺的游戲體驗(yàn),你就可以在Xbox上玩。如果你想創(chuàng)新地開(kāi)發(fā)一款全息應(yīng)用,你也可以在HoloLens這樣的全息電腦上運(yùn)行同一款應(yīng)用。當(dāng)然,你也可以選擇在Surface Pro 3這樣的平板電腦上運(yùn)行。

????這樣你就擁有了“Windows一致性”特點(diǎn),也就是這些通用應(yīng)用可以平順地在平板和筆記本電腦之間切換。這對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)是件大事,對(duì)于很多行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)也非常重要。正是因?yàn)檫@些原因,開(kāi)發(fā)者才會(huì)看重我們,愿意為我們開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。不過(guò)我們?cè)贐uild峰會(huì)上也明確表示,開(kāi)發(fā)者也可以使用我們的后端,同時(shí)為Android和iOS設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。他們可以使用我們的企業(yè)移動(dòng)套件,如果他們是IT人員的話,還可以在Android、iOS和Windows等各個(gè)平臺(tái)使用我們的安全管理、身份識(shí)別、設(shè)備管理和數(shù)據(jù)損失保護(hù)工具。這也是我們的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的能力。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:樸成奎

????審校:任文科

????Most people see Amazon as the leader in core infrastructure. Over time it added higher level services and talked more to big companies like General Electric. What’s your take on the competitive landscape for big customers when it comes to cloud computing? Is Google a contender?

????The enterprise market is never winner-take-all. If you look at the previous client-server era, we had a lot of success. So did Oracle, EMC, Cisco. And now, when you look at the current cloud era, you would say there is us, there’s Amazon, and there’s Google who have that hyperscale cloud. But really it’s Amazon, us, and maybe VMware who will translate the position that they had in the previous era to one in this new era.

????I really am not focused on competing against Amazon in IaaS [“infrastructure-as-a-service”]. That’s not what it’s about. Take Azure Active Directory. It’s got 5 million entities—that means 5 million commercial organizations that have a relationship with Microsoft in the cloud and not on premise or with our licenses. None of that. They’re using Dynamics for CRM [“customer relationship management”] or ERP [“enterprise resource management”], Office 365, Azure, Enterprise Mobility Suite. That is representing 450 million individual identities within that 5 million organizational footprint.

????To me what matters is having the right mix of SaaS value. I don’t think of my server business as somehow “old school” or “l(fā)egacy.” I actually think of the server as the edge of my cloud.

????We now have the ability to tie together the cloud and the server. That is a very unique capability that we have. So who am I competing with? Amazon has no capability to compete there. They don’t have a server. Nor does Google. Oracle doesn’t have the equivalent capability. So those are the places where we want to really excel.

????I’m not claiming that we are the only guys who are going to succeed in the cloud. Others can succeed as well, just like in the previous generation. But the people who are on the right side of history, so to speak, when it comes to technology promise? You identified them right. There is Google, Amazon, and us. But who has the credentials with the enterprise? Who has the tenacity to stay constant with it? It’s not a fashionable thing to say you’re in the enterprise business for a few days and then move onto the next project.

????I want to build our own public cloud at scale. We have over a million machines. I want to take the same software and—well, this is how we got to SQL [Server] 2016. It’s already running; it’s called Azure DB. We will now take that and reverse-integrate it into a server product. That’s the kind of capability that I feel will serve us well in the long run.

????I don’t think we’ve actually mentioned Windows or Office once. Is Microsoft still a Windows company?

????Windows is used by a billion and a half users. We see, on a monthly basis, 850 million machines that touch Windows Update. This is not even counting the machines behind corporate firewalls that don’t directly talk to Windows Update. So it’s a vibrant user base. And there are 300 million PCs, by the way, sold every year.

????So Windows 10 is huge to me. It’s the beginning of a new generation of Windows. It’s not just about PCs. It’s about tablets and phones. It’s also about holographic computers and Surface Hub. It’s about [simple, versatile computers like] Raspberry Pi. Windows has gone way beyond the PC. It’s one core, one store, one platform.

????So to me Windows is very much part of the cloud. But one of the fundamental things I believe is, it’s not just about one device. When I say “mobile first” or “cloud first,” to me it’s about the mobility of the app or the experience, not the mobility of the device. And if you believe that, then the control plane is really the cloud.

????I actually talked quite a bit about Office 365 in this conversation. The fact that you didn’t think of it as Office is interesting. Office 365, that’s where Azure Active Directory gets all those organizational tenants from. It’s core to what we’re doing in Azure. It’s core to what we’re doing in Office. And guess what? When you log into Windows, you’re logged into both your Microsoft account and your Azure Active Directory. So the control plane is in the cloud. And those are the ways things come together.

????If I’m a mobile developer, I can develop for Apple iOS, I can develop for Android, or I can develop for Windows. But there’s been strife with hardware makers and Microsoft. Why develop for you and not them?

????I think they will choose to develop wherever they can make the most amount of money by reaching the most amount of users. At Build we said that we want them to write universal Windows apps [that work across devices]. There are many cases to be made for it. When you build a universal app, and you want a 10-foot experience, you can go to the Xbox. You want to innovate and build a holographic app, you can use the same application on a holographic computer like HoloLens. You can, of course, run it on our tablets like the Surface Pro 3.

????So you now have these “Windows Continuum” features where those universal applications can gracefully move between a tablet and a laptop. It’s relevant for consumers, but it’s also going to be relevant in many industrial scenarios. Those are the kinds of reasons why developers will want to look at us and build for us. But we made it clear at Build that developers can use our back end and still target Android or iOS devices. They can have our Enterprise Mobility Suite and, if they’re an IT person, manage security, identity, device management, and data-loss protection across Android, iOS, and Windows. That’s a unique capability of ours.

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