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裝電腦如同拼積木:模塊化技術(shù)是下一波IT潮流嗎?

裝電腦如同拼積木:模塊化技術(shù)是下一波IT潮流嗎?

Don Reisinger 2015年10月12日
宏基Revo Build系列讓裝電腦像拼積木一樣簡(jiǎn)單。這種模塊化產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn),使消費(fèi)者可以快捷地升級(jí)機(jī)器,而不用購(gòu)買(mǎi)全套昂貴的新設(shè)備。

????DIY定制有可能成為消費(fèi)科技界的下一個(gè)大事件嗎?

????就在柏林國(guó)際電子消費(fèi)品展覽會(huì)開(kāi)幕之前,宏基公司最近發(fā)布了一款名為“Revo Build系列”的新型“模塊化”個(gè)人電腦。這種PC允許消費(fèi)者像拼裝樂(lè)高積木一樣組裝自己的臺(tái)式電腦。

????只需把預(yù)制好的“積木”一塊塊地壘起來(lái),消費(fèi)者就能輕松組裝出一臺(tái)自己的電腦。位于最下面的是電腦核心組件,包括8GB的RAM、SD卡槽、顯示端口和以太網(wǎng)等等,消費(fèi)者只要花幾秒鐘把一塊硬盤(pán)“積木”放在它上面,一臺(tái)主機(jī)就這樣“攢”成了。

????如果用戶(hù)想添加揚(yáng)聲器或麥克風(fēng)等功能,只要在上面再壘一塊音頻“積木”就可輕松搞定。用戶(hù)也可以再往上壘一塊用于無(wú)線(xiàn)充電的“積木”。這些積木可以繼續(xù)垂直堆疊,最后看起來(lái)就像用樂(lè)高積木堆起來(lái)的一座小樓一樣。

????宏基Revo Build系列個(gè)人電腦是時(shí)下正流行的“模塊化”產(chǎn)品的一種。這種模塊化產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn),使消費(fèi)者可以快捷地升級(jí)機(jī)器,而不用購(gòu)買(mǎi)全套昂貴的新設(shè)備。

????模塊化設(shè)計(jì)思路在制造業(yè)中早已屢見(jiàn)不鮮。無(wú)論是汽車(chē)、電腦還是其它產(chǎn)品的制造,總是離不了大量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化部件。但消費(fèi)者卻從未如此大范圍地享受模塊化的好處。以前要想升級(jí)一臺(tái)電腦的話(huà),要由一名專(zhuān)業(yè)的技術(shù)人員打開(kāi)機(jī)箱,用可兼容的備件替換需要升級(jí)的零件,這個(gè)過(guò)程可能要花費(fèi)幾小時(shí)之久。

????由于這番工序非常復(fù)雜,加上往往還會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣那樣的問(wèn)題,致使很多人覺(jué)得升級(jí)硬件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太高了。因此,買(mǎi)到新的就扔掉舊的逐漸成為一種風(fēng)尚,喜新厭舊成了主流。不得不說(shuō),正是這種懶于升級(jí)現(xiàn)有硬件的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣,才為科技界的發(fā)展提供了不竭動(dòng)力,使各大科技公司能夠定期推出新產(chǎn)品。

????盡管如此,模塊化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)依然沒(méi)有中斷,走在最前面的正是科技巨頭谷歌公司。2014年,谷歌以29億美元的價(jià)格將摩托羅拉賣(mài)給了聯(lián)想,但該公司設(shè)法保留了一項(xiàng)叫做Project Ara的技術(shù)。

????Project Ara首先由摩托羅拉于2013年推出,該項(xiàng)目致力于研發(fā)一種模塊化智能手機(jī),使用戶(hù)可以輕松地更換攝像頭等部件。這樣一來(lái),消費(fèi)者如果購(gòu)買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)Ara設(shè)備,就可以選擇他們自己想要的部件安裝到手機(jī)里,用了一段時(shí)間后,也隨時(shí)可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)新部件來(lái)取代舊部件。也就是說(shuō),消費(fèi)者手里使用的始終是同一臺(tái)設(shè)備,由于它使用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化輸入,包括谷歌在內(nèi)的任何一家公司都可以設(shè)計(jì)能插入智能手機(jī)的部件。

????Project Ara的系統(tǒng)工藝負(fù)責(zé)人拉法·卡瑪爾戈告訴《財(cái)富》:“Project Ara旨在構(gòu)建一個(gè)像軟件生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一樣開(kāi)放、模塊化的移動(dòng)硬件生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它有助于開(kāi)發(fā)者更快地將技術(shù)研發(fā)成果投放市場(chǎng)。另外,這個(gè)平臺(tái)和它的廣大合作伙伴也能為全球用戶(hù)提供新的選擇和可能?!?/p>

????這樣一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將在相當(dāng)程度上促進(jìn)整個(gè)行業(yè)的變革。如今,很多公司都在花大量時(shí)間從內(nèi)到外構(gòu)建整個(gè)產(chǎn)品,但如果一個(gè)模塊化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠發(fā)展起來(lái),很多公司就會(huì)集中精力研發(fā)可插入到設(shè)備上的小型平價(jià)零部件。這樣一來(lái),它們的成本會(huì)有所降低,消費(fèi)者也可以從自己選擇的公司那里購(gòu)買(mǎi)最心儀的功能。

????Phonebloks是另一家希望整個(gè)行業(yè)盡早接受模塊化產(chǎn)品的公司。該公司稱(chēng),其目標(biāo)是最終減少電子產(chǎn)品的浪費(fèi),在科技業(yè)中培養(yǎng)一種讓用戶(hù)對(duì)設(shè)備有更多控制權(quán)的環(huán)境。

????Phonebloks公司技術(shù)總監(jiān)蓋文·達(dá)珀?duì)枌?duì)《財(cái)富》表示:“模塊化能夠給人們選擇的機(jī)會(huì),并延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)品的生命周期,從而減少電子浪費(fèi)。如果執(zhí)行得比較好,它還能讓用戶(hù)選擇自己的個(gè)人配置。如果使用了開(kāi)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它還能使人們更容易接觸到創(chuàng)新成果?!?/p>

????模塊化也能為兒童開(kāi)啟一個(gè)新世界。比如一家名叫One Education的小型社會(huì)企業(yè)正在研發(fā)一種名叫Infinity的模塊化電腦,孩子們可以輕松地將一塊觸屏平板電腦變成一臺(tái)筆記本電腦,也可以便捷地添加攝像頭功能(以及其它核心組件)。該公司已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,旨在幫助包括發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家在內(nèi)的各國(guó)兒童獲得接觸科技的機(jī)會(huì)。

????One Education的官網(wǎng)稱(chēng):“我們的任務(wù)不是為股東賺更多的收益,我們也沒(méi)有股東。我們的任務(wù)是在數(shù)碼鴻溝出現(xiàn)之前,就阻止它形成?!彼f(shuō)的“數(shù)碼鴻溝”指的是各國(guó)人民接觸科技的機(jī)會(huì)不均等?!斑@就是我們?yōu)槭裁匆兄埔环N通用型電腦。每銷(xiāo)售一臺(tái)Infinity電腦和模塊,都可以為Infinity電腦進(jìn)入那些沒(méi)有電腦的學(xué)校和社區(qū)做出貢獻(xiàn)?!?/p>

????然而電子設(shè)備模塊化并不必然會(huì)取得成功。況且目前Project Ara和宏基Revo Build系列都未上市。橫亙?cè)趦杉夜久媲暗?,還有整個(gè)行業(yè)根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng):即由企業(yè)來(lái)決定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品用什么元件,而消費(fèi)者只有極少的控制權(quán)。

????但這并不意味著谷歌等企業(yè)沒(méi)有繼續(xù)探索。實(shí)際上,谷歌對(duì)模塊化的期望很高。

????谷歌在Project Ara的網(wǎng)站上指出:“智能手機(jī)是我們生活中能力最強(qiáng)大、也是和我們聯(lián)系最緊密的物品。但至于它是怎樣生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的,它能干什么,長(zhǎng)什么樣子,我們大多數(shù)人對(duì)此是沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)的。而且目前全球還有50億人沒(méi)有智能手機(jī)。如果你能根據(jù)自己的愿望,選擇自己的手機(jī)具備哪些功能,讓它像一張創(chuàng)意畫(huà)布一樣講述你自己的故事,是不是很美妙?我們推出的Project Ara,就是要為60億人提供個(gè)性化的設(shè)計(jì)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

審校:任文科

????Is DIY customization the next big thing in the consumer tech world?

????Ahead of the IFA consumer electronics confab in Berlin, Acer recently announced a new “modular” PC, called the Revo Build Series. The PC lets consumers build their own desktop computer LEGO-style.

????Consumers can build their own computer by stacking pre-made “blocks” one on top of another. In a matter of seconds, consumers can swap out a hard drive for a storage block by simply placing it on top of the computer’s core block, which includes 8GB of RAM, SD card slot, DisplayPort and Ethernet.

????For example, users can add features like speakers and microphones to their computer by stacking an audio block on top of the computer’s base, while another separate block would allow wireless charging. The blocks would continued to be stacked vertically and, in the end, appear just like a toy Lego tower.

????The Acer Revo Build Series is part of a growing trend of “modular” products that offer gadget owners the ability to quickly upgrade their machines without having to buy new expensive devices.

????Modularity is commonplace in manufacturing where standard components are used to build vehicles and PCs, among other products. However, modularity has never been offered to consumers on such a major scale. Historically, in order to upgrade a computer, tech experts would need to break open a PC and swap out its parts with compatible supplies, which could take hours.

????The complexity of the job and the potential pitfalls left many determining that the risk was too high. Instead, a culture of throwing out old machines and buying new, upgraded alternatives has become the norm. Indeed, the upgrade lifecycle has proven to be the lifeblood of the technology industry, allowing companies to sell new products on a regular basis.

????Despite that, the modularity trend continues to march forward and tech giant Google is leading the charge.

????When Google sold Motorola to Lenovo in 2014 for $2.9 billion, the company negotiated a deal to keep a technology called Project Ara within its ranks.

????Project Ara, which was first unveiled by Motorola in 2013, hopes to create a modular smartphone that allows users to quickly swap out components, like a camera, with ease. Consumers would buy a Project Ara device and pick and choose the components they want included in their phone. They can then also buy new components to replace old ones at a later date and time. All the while keeping the same device and using a standardized input that would allow any company—not just Google—to design components that plug into the smartphone.

????“Project Ara seeks to create an open, modular, mobile hardware ecosystem much like the software ecosystem,” Rafa Camargo, systems engineering lead for Project Ara, told Fortune. “Such an advance would allow developers to bring their technological developments to market faster. Together, the platform and partners would create new choices and possibilities for users worldwide.”

????Such an ecosystem could dramatically change the industry. Today, many companies spend a lot of time building entire products, but if a new, modular ecosystem develops, many firms could instead focus on building smaller, less expensive components that could be plugged into a device. Their costs would be lower and consumers would pick the features they want most from the companies of their choosing.

????Phonebloks is another company that is hoping to see the industry embrace modular products. The organization says its goal is to ultimately reduce electronic waste and foster an environment in the technology industry that allows for more user control over devices.

????“Modular has the potential to give the opportunity of choice to the people and enables for longer product life cycles, thereby reducing (electronic) waste,” Gawin Dapper, chief technology officer at Phonebloks, toldFortune. “When executed well, it also lets users choose their personal configuration and when using open standards, it also makes innovation more approachable.”

????Modularity could also open a new world for children. One Education, a small social enterprise is building a modular computer called Infinity that makes it easy for children to turn a touch screen tablet into a notebook, as well as add camera functionality (and other core components). The organization says it has also initiated a program to help children access technology both in developed countries and emerging markets.

????“Our mission is not to bolster returns to shareholders, we have none. Our mission is to prevent the digital divide before it forms,” the organization says on its website, referring to inequality in access to technology between countries. “That’s why we created a computer that is universal. Every Infinity and module sale contributes to the distribution of Infinity computers to schools and communities around the world who would otherwise go without.”

????Still, modularity success isn’t guaranteed and neither Project Ara nor the Acer Revo Build Series has launched just yet. Both companies are also competing against a technology industry that has long clung to the idea of companies deciding a product’s components, leaving consumers with little control.

????However that doesn’t mean Google and the others aren’t trying. Indeed, Google is aiming high with modularity.

????“The smartphone is one of the most empowering and intimate objects in our lives. Yet most of us have little say in how the device is made, what it does, and how it looks, and 5 billion of us don’t have one,” Google says on its Project Ara website. “What if you could make thoughtful choices about exactly what your phone does, and use it as a creative canvas to tell your own story? Introducing Project Ara. Designed exclusively for 6 billion people.”

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