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巴黎恐襲之后,一位穆斯林女性的自白

巴黎恐襲之后,一位穆斯林女性的自白

Hasnaa Mokhtar 2015-11-21
我一遍又一遍地哀求:恐怖分子,你們千萬別自稱是穆斯林!請不要讓我這樣一個穆斯林女性去擔負壓力,請不要強迫我去抨擊和譴責,因為除了兇手自己,這不是其他任何人的錯。

1113日,巴黎遭受恐怖分子的殘暴襲擊。聽到消息的那一刻,我腦子一片混亂,心里默念著:恐怖分子千萬別自稱是穆斯林,請不要讓我擔負這個壓力,請不要強迫我去抨擊和譴責。當我在網(wǎng)上一篇篇地翻閱關于恐怖兇手的文章時,我的心也沉了下去。周五當晚,襲擊者在6個地點殺害了至少128人。我用盡全力去祈禱,希望那些人質都能獲救,城里的每個人都一切安好。

在這些內心的焦躁背后,其實隱藏著我一個小小的懇求,那就是請犯罪分子千萬不要自稱是穆斯林。我?guī)缀蹩梢月牭轿覂刃脑趹┣?,一遍、一遍、又一遍:請不要說自己是穆斯林!

在還沒確認是誰制造了這一恐怖襲擊時,穆斯林群眾就開始在社交媒體上道歉和譴責。其他人則把這一事件歸咎于穆斯林和難民。當我所在的社區(qū)在網(wǎng)上議論這條新聞時,我們的談話也被悲傷和恐懼籠罩。無論最后公布出來的是什么消息,這起恐怖襲擊事件引發(fā)的強烈反應,只會讓全球各地的穆斯林群體的處境變得更加糟糕。

新聞網(wǎng)站Quartz援引美國聯(lián)邦調查局的數(shù)據(jù)指出,自從9/11恐怖襲擊以來,反伊斯蘭教的犯罪數(shù)量飆漲了5倍。

目前,公眾對穆斯林的印象很差。2014年皮尤研究中心的一次調查發(fā)現(xiàn),穆斯林給美國人的印象是該國所有宗教團體中最糟糕的。在今年3月的另一次調查中,有55%的美國人表示,他們“不太喜歡”或“非常不喜歡” 伊斯蘭教。

隨后,我們都懼怕的事情被證實了:伊斯蘭國宣稱對此事負責。在接下來的幾個小時中,我的心情十分矛盾。我很憤怒,又很受傷。我很憤怒又目睹了一場殺害無辜、扭曲我的信仰的暴力事件。我很無助,因為我知道這會引發(fā)針對我們所有人的伊斯蘭恐懼癥,機場和公共場所會更加嚴格地盤查穆斯林;會有更多的中傷和威脅,憎恨和偏見。

對穆斯林來說,這是一件很不愉快的事。伊斯蘭恐懼癥變得愈發(fā)嚴重。積極分子阿基拉·艾哈邁德在一次采訪中對BBC表示,穆斯林反對者對她的辱罵已經持續(xù)多年,但最近情況變得更加惡劣。她目睹了社交媒體上對穆斯林極度貶損的語言。她指的是在法國諷刺雜志《查理周刊》遭到襲擊后網(wǎng)上的負面評論。這次事件的持槍歹徒聲稱他們以伊斯蘭教之名而殺人。

她表示:“在巴黎事件后,謾罵更多了,情況比以前更加嚴重。我們看到全球有越來越多恐怖事件,許多人對此感到憤怒,他們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上宣泄自己的憤怒。其結果是,反穆斯林情緒總體上變得更加嚴重?!?/span>

我找到一位朋友傾訴,想要讓自己重新清醒過來。朋友的話幫我尋回了理智,她讓我問自己,為什么我,以及全球的穆斯林,要背負每次以伊斯蘭教之名發(fā)動的恐怖襲擊帶來的罵名?為什么是我們,而不是真正的罪犯要被譴責為敵人?我們?yōu)槭裁幢仨毜狼福?/span>

我的朋友對我說:“類似這樣的事情發(fā)生了,隨之而來的恐懼卻與之前很不一樣。當我還是基督徒的時候,我從來不害怕。即使發(fā)生一些事也不會對我有什么影響,因為我是美國公民,而且是清白的。然而當我成為穆斯林之后,突然一切都成了我的錯。我一夜之間成為大家的敵人。我不擔心自己,但我為那些被我輔導的女孩感到擔心。比方說,如果有人傷害你們其中一位,我該怎么做?如果有人冒犯你們呢?我開始失去理智?!?/span>

在發(fā)表在CNN網(wǎng)站的一篇文章中,圣十字學院宗教學副教授卡納·達勒寫道,穆斯林沒必要為那些以伊斯蘭教之名進行的恐怖行動感到抱歉,全世界也不應指望穆斯林感到抱歉。達勒表示:“人們應當要求與恐怖行動相關、或負有某種責任的人發(fā)表這樣的公開聲明:‘我譴責這一行為?!瘜ψ镄懈械絽拹?,與感到有必要撇清自己和罪行的關系,是有重要差別的。你有從罪行中受益嗎?你原本能夠阻止罪行嗎?你是否為罪行出力了,即便是在無意識的情況下?如果真的是這樣,你才必須站出來譴責它。”?

針對巴黎遭受的恐怖襲擊,網(wǎng)絡雜志《Salon》的政治話題特約撰稿人本·諾頓撰寫了文章,標題為:《我們對恐怖主義的雙重標準:在巴黎事件后,請不要責備穆斯林,仔細看看我們自己》。他呼吁政府反思他們的國內外政策。“每次伊斯蘭教極端分子發(fā)動襲擊,全球16億穆斯林都要集體道歉,這已經成為了陳詞濫調。這樣壓迫穆斯林和流亡者,能讓誰得到好處?霸權主義的‘解決方案’總是訴諸軍事力量,無論是在國外還是國內。實際上軍隊才是導致問題的首要因素。如果我們的政府繼續(xù)這樣的策略,類似的恐怖襲擊只會越來越頻繁?!?/span>

暴力謀殺很可怕。恐怖主義很丑陋。但恐怖主義是沒有宗教的。這不是我們的錯。除了兇手自己之外,這不是任何其他人的錯。(財富中文網(wǎng))

?

譯者:嚴匡正

審校:任文科

As the brutal attacks in Paris were happening on Nov. 13, scattered thoughts jammed my brain. Please don’t claim to be Muslim, please don’t let me carry the burden, please don’t force me to denounce and condemn… My heart sank as I flipped from tab to tab online reading about the gruesome murders. The attackers targeted six sites Friday night killing at least 128 people. I prayed with all my strength for the protection of the hostages and wellbeing of everyone in the city.

One plea was buried behind all the noise: Please don’t claim to be Muslim. I could almost hear my thoughts begging, over and over. Please don’t be Muslim.

Without any confirmation as to who committed the attacks, Muslims started apologizing and condemning on social media. Others were blaming Muslims and refugees for the crimes. As our team gathered together virtually to discuss the news, our group chat swelled with sadness and fear. No matter what information came to light, the backlash would make everything worse for Muslims regardless of geographic location.

According to a Quartz article, data from the FBI indicates that anti-Islamic offenses have jumped five-fold in the US since 9/11.

Public perception of Muslims is currently low. A 2014 poll by the Pew Research Centre found that Americans had the least warm feelings towards Muslims of any religious group in the country. Another poll in March found that 55% of Americans have a ‘somewhat unfavorable’ or ‘very unfavorable’ opinion of Islam.

Then, what we all dreaded was confirmed: the Islamic State claimed responsibility. For a few hours, my feelings were conflicted. I was angry, yet I felt vulnerable. I was outraged to witness another violent massacre take innocent lives and distort my faith. I felt helpless because I knew this would provoke an adverse reaction from Islamophobes against us all; more scrutinizing for Muslims at airports and public spaces; more name-calling and threatening; more hatred and bigotry. We take one step forward to overcome a tragic terrorist blame-all-Muslims attack, only to take two steps backward when another occurs.

Things have not been pleasant for Muslims. Islamophobia continues to be on the rise. Activist Akeela Ahmed told the BBC in a report that she has suffered anti-Muslim abuse for years but it has recently worsened. She witnessed extremely derogatory language directed toward Muslims on social media. She was referring to negative comments posted online following the attack on the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, in which gunmen said they were killing in the name of Islam.

Post-Paris, the abuse increased and it was a lot worse,” she says. “As we see more terrorist incidents globally, many people feel anger about terror attacks and they go online and use their medium to vent their anger. But, as a result, there is an increase in anti-Muslim sentiment generally.”

I rushed to speak to a friend to regain my sanity. Her words brought me back to my senses. She made me ask myself why should I, and all Muslims around the globe, bear the brunt of every terrorist attack committed in the name of Islam? Why are we condemned as the enemy and not the real perpetrators? Why are we obliged to apologize?

Stuff like this happens and the fear that comes with it is so different than it used to be. When I was Christian, I was never afraid. Certain events just didn’t touch me because I’m a US citizen and I’m white-passing. But then I became Muslim and suddenly everything was my fault. I’d become the enemy overnight. And, while I still don’t fear for my own life, I fear for the lives of the girls I’ve mentored. Like, what would I do if someone hurt one of you guys? Or got disrespectful? I’d totally lose my mind, my friend said to me.

Associate Professor of Religious Studies at the College of the Holy Cross Caner Dagli wrote in a CNN article that neither should we as Muslims feel apologetic for terrorism done in the name of Islam nor should the world expect us to be. “People should demand public statements like, ‘I condemn this act,’ from those who have some kind of accountability in connection with the act. There is always a crucial line between feeling revulsion at a crime and feeling it necessary to dissociate oneself from that crime. Did you benefit from a crime? Could you have stopped the crime? Did you contribute, even unwittingly, to the crime? If so, you may have to stand up and denounce it,” wrote Dagli.

Politics staff writer at Salon Ben Norton wrote an article in response to yesterday’s horrific Paris attacks titled, “Our terrorism double standard: After Paris, let’s stop blaming Muslims and take a hard look at ourselves.” He calls on governments to think critically about their policies abroad and at home. “Every time Islamic extremists carry out an attack, the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims are expected to collectively apologize; it has become a cold cliché at this point. Who benefits from such clampdown on Muslims and refugees? The hegemonic ‘solution’ is always more militarization, both abroad and here at home. Yet it is in fact militarization that is the cause of the problem in the first place. If these are the strategies our governments continue to pursue, attacks like these will only be more frequent,” wrote Norton.?

Violent murders are horrific. Terrorism is ugly. But terrorism has no religion. It’s not our fault. It’s no one’s fault except the murderers themselves.

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