成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開(kāi)
避免公司造假的好辦法:物聯(lián)網(wǎng)+創(chuàng)客文化

避免公司造假的好辦法:物聯(lián)網(wǎng)+創(chuàng)客文化

Stacey Higginbotham 2016-02-15
2015年下半年,大眾汽車的排放丑聞轟動(dòng)一時(shí)。所有利益攸關(guān)方都在思考一個(gè)問(wèn)題——如何避免這類丑聞再次發(fā)生?本文作者認(rèn)為,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和創(chuàng)客文化的發(fā)展將使得企業(yè)更難向消費(fèi)者和監(jiān)管者撒謊。

2015年下半年,大眾汽車的排放丑聞轟動(dòng)一時(shí)。通過(guò)在汽車中安裝一款軟件,大眾汽車在美國(guó)監(jiān)管部門實(shí)施的排放檢測(cè)中造假,額外排放了累計(jì)近100萬(wàn)噸空氣污染物。

如今,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)、立法者和其他人都在思考一個(gè)問(wèn)題——如何避免這類丑聞再次發(fā)生?其中,開(kāi)源軟件是許多人建議的解決方案之一。另一種方法是隨機(jī)抽驗(yàn)。

但我認(rèn)為,這兩種方法均屬于兩個(gè)更大的趨勢(shì)——物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和創(chuàng)客文化的發(fā)展。唯有將這兩種趨勢(shì)結(jié)合在一起,才能有效防止此類事件。物聯(lián)網(wǎng),以及連接到云且彼此互連的數(shù)據(jù)采集傳感器日漸普及。此外,越來(lái)越多的人愿意通過(guò)創(chuàng)造自己的設(shè)備檢測(cè)周圍的世界。這些趨勢(shì)最終將創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)始終處在監(jiān)督之下的環(huán)境。

深受創(chuàng)客喜愛(ài)的樹(shù)莓派(Raspberry Pi)電腦的創(chuàng)造者埃本?厄普頓表示:“以前,可能只有100個(gè)人擁有某種能夠檢測(cè)大眾汽車排放量的工具,現(xiàn)在,我們似乎已經(jīng)度過(guò)了低谷期,有無(wú)數(shù)人擁有能夠監(jiān)測(cè)這些數(shù)據(jù)的工具。這不僅要?dú)w功于可用的工具增多,也得益于科技文化的變化。”

厄普頓解釋稱,人們?cè)敢饫每萍?,通過(guò)廉價(jià)的傳感器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)企業(yè)所說(shuō)的話是否真實(shí)。一兩美元的傳感器和普遍的懷疑精神,培養(yǎng)出這樣一群人——他們?cè)敢鈩?chuàng)建工具,驗(yàn)證周圍的空氣質(zhì)量是否如環(huán)境保護(hù)局所說(shuō)的那樣。而且,厄普頓表示,隨著一些公司將這類工具商業(yè)化,普通消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行這類測(cè)試只會(huì)變得更加容易。

他認(rèn)為環(huán)保團(tuán)體將引領(lǐng)這一趨勢(shì)。

目前已經(jīng)有一些項(xiàng)目試圖通過(guò)使用志愿者配戴的空氣質(zhì)量傳感器,跟蹤城市的空氣質(zhì)量,比如AirCast。這些傳感器可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)排放量的變化,這意味著它們能夠鎖定污染更嚴(yán)重的汽車。在數(shù)據(jù)公開(kāi)之后,大眾汽車車主可能會(huì)看到這些數(shù)據(jù),并懷疑為什么他們的汽車會(huì)產(chǎn)生如此嚴(yán)重的污染,但這家公司卻在宣揚(yáng)自家的汽車是多么清潔,他們隨后就會(huì)親自檢測(cè)。

或者,你可以花240美元購(gòu)買一臺(tái)“空氣質(zhì)量蛋”,監(jiān)測(cè)一氧化碳與一氧化二氮的濃度,并通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)加入全球空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)公布數(shù)據(jù),允許人們將這些數(shù)據(jù)與其他數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合,生成關(guān)聯(lián)性,幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)高污染區(qū)域。甚至在大西洋中也有一臺(tái)空氣質(zhì)量蛋。

Volkswagen is still reeling from the revelations that it lied to U.S. regulators and pumped nearly 1 million tons of extra pollutants into the air by installing software onto its cars to fool emissions tests. Now regulators, legislators and others are wondering how to prevent such a scandal from happening again. Open source software has been a suggested salve. So has random testing.

But I think these are part of two bigger trends that will come together to prevent these sort of shenanigans going forward—the Internet of things and the development of a maker culture. The Internet of things and its proliferation of data gathering sensors that are connected to the cloud and to each other combined with an increasing number of people who are comfortable building their own gear to experiment with the world around them will create an environment of constant scrutiny.

“It seems like we’ve gone through this trough where only 100 people in the world have the tools to test something like the Volkswagen emissions, to having a limitless number of people having the tool to detect this,” said Eben Upton, the creator of the Raspberry Pi computer, which is a computer beloved by makers. “But it’s not just that the tools are available, but that the tech culture has changed.”

Upton explained that people are willing to play with technology and experiment with cheap sensors to see if what they are being told is true. The combination of $1 or $2 sensors and a general skepticism has led a class of people to build tools to see if their air quality is really what the EPA is telling them. And, said Upton, as the tools are commercialized through companies, that ability to test will only get easier for the average consumer.

He thinks environmental groups will lead the charge.

Already there are projects such as AirCast that are trying to track air quality around cities using air quality sensors worn by volunteers. These sensors can detect changes in emissions in real time, which means they could pick up cars that pollute more often. Since that data is made public, someone who owns a Volkswagen might see the data and wonder why their car seems to be so dirty on the road when the company touts how clean it is and perform their own tests.

Or you can buy an Air Quality Egg for $240 that measures carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide and become part of a worldwide air quality monitoring effort linked over the Internet. The group shares the data, and allows people to combine it with other information to make correlations that could help detect areas of high pollution. There’s even an Air Quality Egg in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

空氣質(zhì)量蛋系統(tǒng)的工作原理。

但你還需要確定一批違反規(guī)定的大眾汽車與高于預(yù)期的污染水平之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性。不過(guò),隨著數(shù)據(jù)分析成本和難度不斷降低,這并非遙不可及的目標(biāo)。

此外,有一些業(yè)余愛(ài)好者和粉絲就是單純地喜歡實(shí)驗(yàn),而這正是創(chuàng)客文化和黑客文化的一部分。例如,我有一臺(tái)設(shè)備可以測(cè)量家里每一條線路的用電量,而且我喜歡測(cè)量每臺(tái)設(shè)備的實(shí)際用電量,與制造商宣稱的耗電量之間的差異。我甚至希望像這些人一樣,將這臺(tái)設(shè)備顯示的新特斯拉汽車充電所消耗的電量與汽車上顯示的用電量進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

這種趨勢(shì)不僅限于電力。當(dāng)前已有數(shù)十家初創(chuàng)公司推出了測(cè)量室內(nèi)或室外空氣質(zhì)量的設(shè)備。Tzoa正在嘗試讓消費(fèi)者帶上傳感器,測(cè)量室外空氣質(zhì)量,其他的初創(chuàng)公司,如Canary、Birdi、Withings Home Video Camera和Cube Sensors等,均推出了旨在保證室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量安全的產(chǎn)品。很顯然,并非只有黑客才能了解我們的環(huán)境狀況。

隨著廉價(jià)且互連的傳感器的普及,創(chuàng)客文化和實(shí)驗(yàn)精神的擴(kuò)展,民間團(tuán)體逐漸接受這兩種文化,并開(kāi)始對(duì)我們周圍的世界進(jìn)行檢測(cè),未來(lái)將有越來(lái)越多的消費(fèi)者掌握必要的工具,從而識(shí)破公司的謊言。破壞環(huán)境的企業(yè)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),它們將面臨棘手的困境。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

審校:任文科

Again, you’d need to make correlations between a cluster of offending Volkswagens and higher-than-expected pollution levels. However, in today’s era of cheap and easy data analysis such a thing isn’t too far fetched.

There are also hobbyists and fans who simply like to experiment, which is part of the maker and hacker culture. For example, I have a device that measures electricity usage in my home on each circuit, and I love measuring how much each device actually consumes compared to what it might say it does. I’m even eager to compare how much electricity I use charging my new Tesla based on what that device says as compared to my car, much like this person has.

It’s not just electricity. There are dozens of startups out there with devices trying to measure indoor or outdoor air quality. Tzoa is trying to get consumers to strap on a sensor to measure outdoor air quality, while other startups such as Canary, Birdi, Withings Home video camera, and Cube Sensors all have products aimed at ensuring the indoor air quality is safe. Clearly, hackers aren’t the only ones being empowered to understand what’s happening in their environment.

So, as cheap, connected sensors proliferate, a culture of making and experimenting expands, and civic groups embrace both attributes to start testing the world around them, more consumers will have the tools they need to tell if companies are lying. For those who are damaging the environment, they could find themselves having some sticky conversations.

掃描二維碼下載財(cái)富APP
亚洲AV无码精品色午夜在线观看| 亚洲人成77777在线| 国产AV无码专区亚洲AV手机麻豆| 亚洲国产成人精品女人久久久国产美女| 国产高清视频在线观看97| 男生下面伸进女人下面的视频| 少妇无码太爽了在线播放| 国产成人精品高清在线观看99| 久久精品国产精品亚洲综合| 亚洲国产AV一区二区三区| 看一级特黄a大片国产| 亚洲av日韩av高潮潮喷无码| 国产办公室无码视频在线观看| 老司国产精品免费视频 | 久久久久亚州AⅤ无码专区首| 午夜成人爽爽爽视频在线观看| 国产品无码一区二区三区在线| 成人久久久久久精品三级| 美国一级aⅤ一区二区在线| 久久精品国产99国产精2020| 日韩亚洲av人人夜夜澡人人爽| 国产在线aaa片一区二区99| 亚洲人成影院在线播放高清| 久久久久久精品免费| 我要看一级大黄毛片| 国产精品成人无码免费| 91人摸人人澡人人人超碰| 精品国产乱码久久久久久郑州公司| 伊人久久大香线蕉综合网站| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜中文字幕| 国产乱妇乱子在线播视频播放网站| 久久国产成人午夜AV影院无码| 欧美日韩国产在线观看一区二区三区| 青草热久精品视频在线观看| 欧美日韩一区二区三区视频在线| 亚洲第一无码精品立川理惠| 国产成A人亚洲精V品无码樱花| 成人免费无码不卡国产一区二区三区| 多人强伦姧孕妇在线观看| 一本一道久久A久久精品综合| 欧美精品性爱久久久午夜视频|