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GE在華80億美元業(yè)務(wù)現(xiàn)狀分析

GE在華80億美元業(yè)務(wù)現(xiàn)狀分析

Scott Cendrowski 2016年03月06日
GE的本地客戶變得緊張兮兮,他們都不敢參與大型項(xiàng)目,因?yàn)楸O(jiān)管部門對(duì)這些項(xiàng)目審查甚嚴(yán)。GE的另一部分客戶,也就是石油和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的國(guó)企則正在進(jìn)行重大改革和調(diào)整,這讓大宗采購(gòu)很難通過(guò)審批。

對(duì)通用電氣的中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)來(lái)說(shuō),2015年是一段平談無(wú)奇的時(shí)光。在中國(guó)GDP增速達(dá)到官方宣布的6.9%的情況下,GE中國(guó)的銷售額僅略有上升,而GE為前者制定的增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)每年都是兩位數(shù)。

然而,影響GE的并非中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩,其低迷表現(xiàn)另有原因。

中國(guó)政府持續(xù)兩年的反腐行動(dòng)讓GE的本地客戶變得緊張兮兮,他們都不敢參與大型項(xiàng)目,因?yàn)楸O(jiān)管部門對(duì)這些項(xiàng)目審查甚嚴(yán)。GE的另一部分客戶,也就是石油和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的國(guó)企則正在進(jìn)行重大改革和調(diào)整,這讓大宗采購(gòu)很難通過(guò)審批。

不過(guò),反腐的影響正在減弱。也許正是出于這個(gè)原因,赴香港參加《財(cái)富》最具影響力女性國(guó)際峰會(huì)的GE中國(guó)首席執(zhí)行官段小纓在接受我們采訪時(shí)表示:“可以預(yù)見(jiàn),2016年中國(guó)的情況會(huì)變好。”

GE中國(guó)的年收入規(guī)模為80億美元,段小纓從2014年起擔(dān)任CEO。她說(shuō),反腐總的來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)中國(guó)有利,但“確實(shí)也讓項(xiàng)目決策出現(xiàn)了延誤。”這一點(diǎn)很重要,因?yàn)椤拔覀兊目蛻舸蠖喽际菄?guó)企”,是政府監(jiān)察的重點(diǎn)。

段小纓表示,在中國(guó)政府定于3月份頒布的“十三五”規(guī)劃中,綠色能源是一大主題。中國(guó)的用電量占全世界的三分之一。這就帶來(lái)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題,因?yàn)橹袊?guó)70%的電力都來(lái)自燃煤發(fā)電企業(yè)。

“中國(guó)將全面轉(zhuǎn)向清潔能源,也就是天然氣、可再生能源,同時(shí)也包括更環(huán)保地使用煤炭?!倍涡±t預(yù)計(jì),可再生能源和天然氣消費(fèi)量將在今后五年內(nèi)翻番,而GE的業(yè)務(wù)就包括風(fēng)電、水電和天然氣。

成為GE中國(guó)掌門人之前,段小纓的職務(wù)是GE醫(yī)療集團(tuán)大中華區(qū)總裁。她說(shuō),在GE的所有中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)中,醫(yī)療部門的前景也許最為光明,甚至超過(guò)了航空業(yè)務(wù);而后者制造飛機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度幾乎無(wú)法跟上中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸需求的增長(zhǎng)。

在今年早些時(shí)候的業(yè)績(jī)發(fā)布會(huì)上,GE首席執(zhí)行官杰夫?伊梅爾特曾表示,GE的醫(yī)療設(shè)備業(yè)務(wù)度過(guò)了“艱難時(shí)期”的第二個(gè)年頭。

在中國(guó),公立醫(yī)院人滿為患。患者可能要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)排隊(duì)掛號(hào),還要經(jīng)歷漫長(zhǎng)的等待,才能獲得短時(shí)間的診治。為解決這個(gè)令人頭疼的問(wèn)題,中國(guó)政府在最近的改革中將發(fā)展民營(yíng)醫(yī)院作為一條出路。

民營(yíng)醫(yī)院買得起GE銷售的昂貴醫(yī)療設(shè)備,比如CT掃描儀,原因是它們?cè)\治的是中國(guó)的富裕階層。對(duì)于其他民眾,中國(guó)政府正在推廣基本醫(yī)療設(shè)施。這些設(shè)施在美國(guó)很普通,在中國(guó)卻很少見(jiàn)。

“在中國(guó),GE銷售的所有大型設(shè)備都要通過(guò)公開(kāi)招標(biāo),而反腐打斷了招標(biāo)活動(dòng)。這和民營(yíng)領(lǐng)域不同,在民營(yíng)領(lǐng)域是純粹的商業(yè)談判?!倍涡±t如此分析。

不過(guò),去年采購(gòu)的放緩創(chuàng)造了大量需求,而且段小纓認(rèn)為這些需求將在今年顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。她說(shuō):“觀察一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),購(gòu)買意愿非常強(qiáng)烈。”

這可能不是樂(lè)觀,這也許只是一家和中國(guó)國(guó)企關(guān)系密切、但在兩年的大規(guī)模反腐中頗為受傷的跨國(guó)公司看到的現(xiàn)狀。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Charlie

審校:詹妮

Last year was forgettable for GEin China. Sales grew only slightly in a market that officially registered 6.9% GDP growth and was one in which GE set goals for double-digit growth year in and year out.

But it wasn’t China’s slowing economy that hurt GE. The weak performance had a couple of other causes.

The government’s continuing two-year anti-corruption campaign turned GE’s local customers into nail-biting bureaucrats afraid to engage in big projects that were getting scrutinized by regulators. It was also GE’s customers themselves, the government-owned companies (SOEs) in oil and health care who are undergoing heavy reforms and changes that make big purchases hard to approve.

The thawing of that campaign may be why Rachel Duan, CEO of GE China, told Fortune in an interview after her appearance at Fortune Most Powerful Women International Summit in Hong Kong today, “We can expect 2016 to be a good year in China.”

Duan, who has led GE’s $8 billion revenue China business since 2014, said the anti-corruption campaign is generally a good thing for China, but “it does impact the project decision delays.” And that matters because “most of our customers are SOEs” who face the most government scrutiny.

Duan said green energy is a big theme of the government’s new five-year plan, to be released in March. One third of electricity usage in the world is in China. That’s problematic considering 70% of China’s electricity is derived from coal. “There’s going to be a tremendous shift toward clean energy—that’s [natural] gas, that’s renewables, but also more clean-based coal use,” she says. Duan expects renewables and natural gas use to double in the next five years. GE has businesses in wind, hydro power and natural gas.

Before Duan took over GE’s China business, she ran its health care division in the country. She says that division might have the brightest prospects out of any for GE in China, including aviation, which almost can’t build jet engines fast enough to keep up with travel demand in the country.

GE’s medical equipment division last year posted what GE CEO Jeff Immelt said during an earnings release earlier this year was the second of “a tough couple of years.”

But recent government reforms have promoted private hospitals as a solution for China’s nagging issue of overcrowded public hospitals, where patients often line up at three or four in the morning to wait all day for a brief consultation with a doctor.

The private hospitals can afford the expensive medical equipment GE sells, like CT scanners, because the richest in China are visiting them. For everyone else, the government is beginning to push primary care facilities, which are normal in the U.S. but almost nonexistent in China.

“In China every large piece of equipment we sell in the space is going through a public tender. The tendering process has been interrupted by the anti-corruption campaign,” Duan says. “It’s not like private sector [where] it’s purely a business negotiation.”

However, the slowdown in buying last year has created a well of demand, which Duan says will become apparent this year. “When you look at intent to buy, it’s very robust,” she says.

It may not be optimism, it may just be the reality of what a multinational with close ties to government customers sees in China today following a huge and often debilitating two-year anti-corruption campaign.

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