中國中產(chǎn)階層，僅占總?cè)丝诘?1%。

在7.7億中國勞動(dòng)人口中，僅有2%的人，其收入達(dá)到個(gè)人所得稅的起征點(diǎn)。所有勞動(dòng)人口的日均消費(fèi)僅有7美元；相比之下，美國消費(fèi)者平均每天消費(fèi)97美元。

在高盛（Goldman Sachs）最近發(fā)布的有關(guān)中國消費(fèi)者的研究報(bào)告中，有許多令人意外的研究結(jié)果。中國消費(fèi)者通常被描述為中國占支配地位的一個(gè)群體，但事實(shí)上，從社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，中國消費(fèi)者被分成了多個(gè)階層，不能籠統(tǒng)地用一種說法來歸納。

高盛稱，中國消費(fèi)者分為四個(gè)不同群體：約140萬富有城市居民，人均年收入超過500,000美元；1.46億城市中產(chǎn)階層，人均年收入11,700美元；2.36億城市藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人，人均年收入5,800美元；3.87億農(nóng)民工，人均年收入2,000美元。

他們與美國消費(fèi)者有何區(qū)別？

中國消費(fèi)者的將近一半收入被用在吃穿方面；美國消費(fèi)者的吃穿消費(fèi)占收入的比例（15%），與中國在穿衣這一項(xiàng)上的消費(fèi)占收入比例基本相同。

高盛稱：“隨著可支配收入增加，中國的消費(fèi)模式也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。但負(fù)擔(dān)能力依舊會(huì)是一個(gè)問題，特別是對(duì)于‘城市大眾階層’來說?！?/p>

報(bào)告中的其他調(diào)查結(jié)果：

中國消費(fèi)者休閑娛樂消費(fèi)占收入的比例，僅有美國消費(fèi)者的一半——如體育、旅行和健身等——但這一領(lǐng)域必會(huì)持續(xù)增長。這也解釋了為何在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長放緩的形勢(shì)下，阿迪達(dá)斯（Adidas）等公司依舊會(huì)在中國開設(shè)數(shù)千家店鋪。

截至2030年，中國將有2.23億老年人，相比之下美國僅有7,500萬。這對(duì)于醫(yī)療設(shè)備和制藥行業(yè)來說，有著重要的意義。

中產(chǎn)及中產(chǎn)以上階層，是阿里巴巴集團(tuán)成功的主要原因——中國電子商務(wù)快速增長的勢(shì)頭不會(huì)停止。2014年，中國快遞包裹達(dá)到100億件，比2006年增加了十倍，別忘了，現(xiàn)在中國的中產(chǎn)階層，僅占總消費(fèi)人數(shù)的11%。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

China’s middle class … just 11% of its population.

Of the country’s 770 million workers, only 2% make enough to qualify to pay income tax. But counting all those hundreds of millions of workers, their average daily spending comes to just $7; U.S. consumers, $97 a day.

Those are a few of the unexpected takeaways from Goldman Sachs’ just-released research on the country’s consumers, who are often described as China’s ascendent mass but in reality are separated socioeconomically into micro groups that don’t fit any single catch-all description.

Chinese consumers break down into four distinct groups, Goldman says: about 1.4 million rich urbanites with incomes above $500,000; 146 million urban middle class with incomes averaging $11,700; another 236 million urban blue collar workers making $5,800 annually; and 387 million rural workers, who bring in just $2,000 a year.

And wow, are they different from U.S. consumers.

Nearly half of Chinese consumers’ income is spent on clothing and food; U.S. consumers spend the same percentage of income on both clothing and food (about 15%) as Chinese spend on clothes alone.

“As disposable incomes rise, those consumption patterns are going to change,” Goldman says. “But affordability will still be an issue, especially for the ‘urban mass.’”

Some of the other key takeaways from the report:

Proportionally, Chinese spend half of what Americans do on recreational activities—like sport, travel, and fitness–but it is one of the clear growth areas (which helps to explain why a company like Adidas AGis opening thousands of stores in China despite its slowdown).

China will have 223 million seniors over the age of 65 by 2030 compared to 75 million in the U.S. (with all that that implies for the medical devices and pharma industries).

The middle and ascendant-middle class are the reason for Alibaba’s success—and e-commerce should not stop growing rapidly. There were 10 billion packages delivered in 2014, ten times more than 2006, and again, only 11% of Chinese consumers are middle class.