不論在哪國，在傳統(tǒng)上都是要求先結(jié)婚后生娃。但是現(xiàn)在，越來越多的年輕人走上了未婚生婦的道路。據(jù)最近發(fā)表在《美國社會學(xué)評論》（American Sociological Review）上的一篇論文稱，這在很大程度上是由收入不均而導(dǎo)致的。

該論文是由約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)教授安德魯·J·切爾林領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團隊發(fā)表的。論文指出，許多年輕人，特別是沒有大學(xué)文憑者，由于就業(yè)市場上的工作機會短缺，往往更傾向于未婚生子，這也是收入失衡的一個表象。

相當(dāng)一部分年輕人不想在沒有穩(wěn)定收入的情況下組建家庭——但是他們依然想要孩子。

論文指出：“當(dāng)?shù)厥杖胧Ш獾某潭仍酱?，男性和女性在要第一個孩子前結(jié)婚的比率就越低。之所以存在這種關(guān)聯(lián)，在某種程度上，是由于當(dāng)?shù)厝狈δ軌蛑Ц敦毨Ь€以上工資的中等技能工作機會?！彼^的“中等技能”工作，是指那些不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作，比如電工、建筑工、保安等。

這種現(xiàn)象也反映了美國中產(chǎn)階層的人數(shù)正在縮水。不少工作因為計算機化和離岸外包而消失或轉(zhuǎn)移了。與此同時，中產(chǎn)階層的薪資水平也出現(xiàn)了下降——當(dāng)然，這個現(xiàn)象并非美國所獨有。而這也解釋了為什么在此次大選中，一些黨外人士和激進(jìn)主義者也受到了如此之高的追捧。

有些社會學(xué)家也指出，收入失衡可能也會給居民帶來一些其他影響。如馬里蘭大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)教授梅莉莎·科爾尼和威爾斯利學(xué)院經(jīng)濟學(xué)教授菲利浦·萊文認(rèn)為，收入失衡加深了青春期女性的經(jīng)濟邊緣化之感，導(dǎo)致她們對未來感到經(jīng)濟上的無助和絕望。

由于這些少女覺得她們未來的經(jīng)濟狀況可能不會通過一份工作或婚姻而得到改善，因而她們可能會選擇早一些生育子女，以便以后有工作機會時不至于錯過?；蛟S這就解釋了為什么各州的長期收入失衡水平與青春期少女的未婚生子率相關(guān)。

在1997年到2011年間，切爾林及其團隊一共研究了9000名對象，其間這些研究對象的年齡都在26至31歲之間。 （財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：樸成奎

Tradition dictates marriage then children.But more and more young adults are headed for babies before the wedding, largely thanks to income inequality, according to a study published in the American Sociological Review.

Young adults, mostly those without a college degree, are more likely to have children before marriage due to a shortage of jobs in the middle of the job market—a symptom of income inequality, according to the study authored by a team of researchers led by Andrew J. Cherlin, a public policy professor at John Hopkins University.

And young people don’t want to enter a marriage without a stable income—though they still want children.

“The greater the local level of income inequality, the less likely men and women are to marry before having a first child—an association that appears driven in part by the lack of middle-skilled jobs that pay above-poverty wages,” the team wrote. These “middle-skilled” jobs are those that don’t require a college degree, including electricians, manufacturing, and security guards.

That comes as the middle class has become a shrinking force in the U.S. Some jobs have swept away by a wave of computerization and offshoring, while wages, in not only the U.S., have fallen for the middle class—explaining, for some, why party outsiders and radicals have gained such popularity this election cycle.

Other sociologists have also said that income inequality may have other effects on citizens. Melissa Kearney and Phillip Levine, professors of economics at University of Maryland and Wellesley College respectively, have argued that income inequality increases a teen girl’s sense of economic marginalization, and causes them to feel economic hopelessness and despair regarding their future.

As these girls come to believe their financial future cannot, or is unlikely to be, improved with a job or through marriage, they may also come to think that they won’t lose opportunities, such as having a job, by having children early. That may explain why long-term income inequality at the state level is associated with more births out of wedlock among adolescent girls.

Cherlin and his team studied 9,000 people between 1997 to 2011, when the participants were 26 to 31.