我的家庭、事業(yè)和如今擁有的生活，都是避孕用品催生的直接結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在，我意識(shí)到自己是何等幸運(yùn)。

我是在德克薩斯州的一個(gè)天主教家庭里長(zhǎng)大的。我從來(lái)沒(méi)有猜想到，未來(lái)有一天，我會(huì)在世界各地談?wù)摫茉杏闷返暮锰?，?dāng)然也從未想象過(guò)我會(huì)公開(kāi)談?wù)撟约旱墓?jié)育經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但最近這些日子，我做了很多這方面的事情。

在比爾和我創(chuàng)建我們的基金會(huì)之后，一切都改變了。在海外考察期間，我發(fā)現(xiàn)許多婦女懷孕過(guò)早或過(guò)晚，還有很多婦女的懷孕頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出其身體的承受能力。在一些社區(qū)，我遇到的每個(gè)人都認(rèn)識(shí)一位死于分娩的婦女。在另一些社區(qū)，我遇到的每位婦女都失去了一個(gè)孩子。還有更多的母親極度渴望不要再次懷孕，因?yàn)樗齻儫o(wú)力喂養(yǎng)，還需要照顧現(xiàn)有的孩子。我開(kāi)始明白為什么即使我不在那里談?wù)摫茉?，婦女們?nèi)匀粫?huì)不斷地提及這個(gè)話題。

與這些婦女相處一段時(shí)間后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不可能拒絕施以援手。我也開(kāi)始回想避孕用品給我自己的生活帶來(lái)了哪些變革性影響。

我的三個(gè)孩子都是相隔三年出生。直到研究生畢業(yè)，并在微軟工作十年之后，我才有了第一個(gè)孩子。所有這一切并非偶然。我的家庭、事業(yè)和如今擁有的生活，都是避孕用品催生的直接結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在，我意識(shí)到自己是何等幸運(yùn)。

甚至在我寫(xiě)這篇文章之際，世界上仍然有多達(dá)2.25億婦女不想懷孕，但無(wú)法獲得現(xiàn)代避孕用品。美國(guó)全球衛(wèi)生政策最近的改變，很快就將進(jìn)一步推高這個(gè)數(shù)字。當(dāng)我們繼續(xù)辯論這個(gè)話題時(shí)，我認(rèn)為所有人都必須站在婦女的角度理解其利害關(guān)系——避孕事關(guān)這些婦女的家庭和未來(lái)。

對(duì)于這些婦女來(lái)說(shuō)，規(guī)劃懷孕時(shí)機(jī)的能力是一件生死攸關(guān)的大事。僅在去年，計(jì)劃生育工具就幫助避免了12.4萬(wàn)名婦女死亡。更健康的婦女擁有更健康的孩子，所以避孕的好處將惠及幾代人。當(dāng)婦女讓孩子的出生日期至少間隔三年時(shí)，這些孩子存活一年的幾率是其他孩子的兩倍，活到五歲的幾率比其他孩子高出35%。

此外，避孕用品經(jīng)常是一位婦女的家庭能否擺脫貧困的決定性因素。研究表明，通常情況下，獲得計(jì)劃生育工具的婦女不僅孩子少，而且擁有更高的個(gè)人和家庭收入。這些孩子接受教育的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，這也將增加下一代的經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力。

在這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的背后，是許多震撼人心的故事。幾年前，我在肯尼亞碰到一位婦女，她剛剛開(kāi)始經(jīng)營(yíng)一門(mén)用牛仔布碎片縫制背包的小生意。她希望這筆新收入將幫助她的三個(gè)孩子過(guò)上更好的生活，但她非常清醒地意識(shí)到，這門(mén)生意能否做下去，完全取決于她延遲下一次懷孕的能力。

去年春天在印度遇到的一位婦女，向我講述了一個(gè)類似的故事。她打算在最小的女兒剛到上學(xué)年齡之后就立刻回去上班。她憧憬著這份額外收入將給她的家庭生活帶來(lái)多大的改善，但她如此興奮還有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的原因：她非常熱愛(ài)教師這門(mén)工作。避孕用品不僅賦予她經(jīng)濟(jì)上的權(quán)力，也讓她有機(jī)會(huì)追逐自己的夢(mèng)想。

現(xiàn)如今，當(dāng)我遇到一些仍然不相信避孕用品應(yīng)該在其政策議程上占有一席之地的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人時(shí)，我會(huì)告訴他們：如果你希望孩子們有機(jī)會(huì)擁有一個(gè)健康的未來(lái)，如果你希望婦女有機(jī)會(huì)幫助她們的家庭脫貧致富，如果你希望窮國(guó)有機(jī)會(huì)成為富國(guó)，那么你就必須關(guān)心避孕問(wèn)題。

證據(jù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，被賦權(quán)的婦女是進(jìn)步的驅(qū)動(dòng)者、財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造者，以及世界上最強(qiáng)大的變革力量。我在海外遇到的婦女已做好準(zhǔn)備，并且愿意為一個(gè)更加美好的未來(lái)做出貢獻(xiàn)。我們有責(zé)任確保她們擁有這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。

梅琳達(dá)?蓋茨是比爾和梅林達(dá)?蓋茨基金會(huì)的聯(lián)席主席。該基金會(huì)日前發(fā)布了其年度信。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Kevin

Growing up in a Catholic household in Texas, I never would have guessed that I would one day travel around the world talking about the benefits of contraceptives. I certainly never imagined that I’d speak out publicly about my own experience with family planning. But these days, I’m doing a lot of both.

Everything changed when Bill and I started our foundation. I started traveling to places where women were getting pregnant too young, too old, and too often for their bodies to handle. I visited communities where everyone I met knew a woman who had died in childbirth. I visited communities where every woman I met had lost a child. I met still more mothers who were desperate not to get pregnant again because they couldn’t afford to feed and take care of the children they already had. And I began to understand why, even though I wasn’t there to talk about contraceptives, women kept bringing them up anyway.

After spending time with these women, I found it impossible to turn my back on them. I thought about them all the time. I also started reflecting on just how transformative contraceptives have been in my own life.

It’s no accident that my three kids were born three years apart—or that I didn’t have my first child until I’d finished graduate school and devoted a decade to my career at Microsoft. My family, my career, my life as I know it are all the direct result of contraceptives. And now, I realize how lucky that makes me.

Even as I write this, there are 225 million women in the world who do not want to get pregnant but do not have access to modern contraceptives. A recent change to U.S. global health policy will soon drive that number up even higher. And as we continue to debate this issue, I think it’s important that all of us understand its stakes from the perspective of the women whose families and futures hang in the balance.

For many of these women, the ability to plan their pregnancies is nothing less than a matter of life and death. Last year alone, family planning tools helped avert the deaths of 124,000 women. Healthier women have healthier children, so the impact of contraceptives ripples across generations. When women space the births of their children by at least three years, their babies are twice as likely to survive their first year of life—and 35% more likely to live to see their fifth birthday.

What’s more, contraceptives are often a key determining factor in whether a woman is able to lift her family out of poverty. Research shows that women with access to family planning tools not only tend to have fewer children, they also tend to have higher individual and household incomes. Their kids spend more time in school, increasing the economic potential of the next generation, too.

The stories behind these statistics are powerful and personal. A few years ago, I met a woman in Kenya who had just started a small business sewing backpacks out of denim scraps. She hoped this new income would help her give her three kids a better life, but she was very aware that her ability to keep the business at all depended on her ability to delay her next pregnancy.

A woman I met in India last spring told me a similar story. She was planning to go back to work as soon as her youngest daughter was old enough to start school. And while she was excited about what the extra income would mean for her family, she was also excited simply because she loved her job as a teacher. Contraceptives not only empowered her economically—they empowered her to be who she wanted to be in the world.

These days, when I meet with leaders who still aren’t convinced that contraceptives deserve a place on the agenda, here’s what I tell them: If you care about giving children a chance at a healthy future, if you care about giving women a chance to take their families from poverty to prosperity, and if you care about giving poor countries the chance to become rich ones, then you must care about contraceptives.

Both evidence and experience show that empowered women are drivers of progress, creators of wealth, and the world’s greatest force for transforming societies. The women I met overseas are ready and willing to contribute to a better future for all of us. We should take it on ourselves to make sure they have that chance.

Melinda Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Foundation released its annual letter on Tuesday.