由于美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普的涉伊新政，波音及其歐洲競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手空客或?qū)⒃谂c伊朗航空公司的民航飛機(jī)交易中損失幾十億美元。

5月8日，特朗普宣布美國(guó)將退出伊核協(xié)議，并再次對(duì)伊朗施加嚴(yán)格制裁。雖然美國(guó)呼吁其盟友也退出伊核協(xié)議，但德國(guó)、英國(guó)和法國(guó)仍希望留在協(xié)議中。

伊核協(xié)議規(guī)定，只要伊朗自廢核武裝，以美國(guó)為首的國(guó)際社會(huì)就將放松對(duì)伊朗的制裁。正是在伊核協(xié)議框架下，波音和空客等西方公司才得以與伊朗航空公司做生意，恰好伊朗也有大批客機(jī)急需更新?lián)Q代，因此波音和空客累計(jì)已在伊朗簽下了400億美元的大單。

美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)史蒂芬·姆努欽對(duì)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》表示：“波音和微軟的許可證將會(huì)被撤銷，現(xiàn)有的許可證都將被撤銷?！?

據(jù)《泰晤士報(bào)》報(bào)道，波音首席執(zhí)行官丹尼斯·米倫伯格在最近表示，波音將“繼續(xù)跟隨美國(guó)政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。米倫伯格承認(rèn)，波音與伊朗航空公司200億美元的合同即將告吹?！都~約時(shí)報(bào)》指出，好在考慮到伊核協(xié)議的不確定性，伊朗訂購(gòu)的這些波音客機(jī)尚未排產(chǎn)。

空客則與伊航簽訂了100架飛機(jī)的訂單，且已經(jīng)交付了其中的三架。雖然空客是一家歐洲公司，但它也受美國(guó)立場(chǎng)的影響，因?yàn)樗谐^(guò)10%的零部件來(lái)自美國(guó)。《華盛頓郵報(bào)》指出，空客公司表示將配合美國(guó)對(duì)伊實(shí)施制裁。

《華盛頓郵報(bào)》分析認(rèn)為，雖然波音和空客損失了一個(gè)新市場(chǎng)，特別是“買飛機(jī)還是伊朗方面最想促成的生意”，但取消這些訂單并不會(huì)對(duì)兩家公司造成太大影響。伯恩斯坦研究公司對(duì)《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》表示：“受影響的訂單只占這兩家公司訂單總量的2%。”

《泰晤士報(bào)》還指出，當(dāng)前中東地區(qū)的緊張局勢(shì)對(duì)波音反而有助于波音賣出更多的軍用機(jī)和其他防御技術(shù)。蒂爾集團(tuán)的分析副總裁理查德·阿波拉法亞對(duì)《泰晤士報(bào)》表示：“現(xiàn)在的軍火市場(chǎng)處在一個(gè)行情看漲的時(shí)期?！?

除了航空工業(yè)，石油行業(yè)也受到了特朗普涉伊新政的影響。美國(guó)的制裁或?qū)⑵仁挂恍┢髽I(yè)從伊朗以外進(jìn)口石油。到今年4月，伊朗的石油供應(yīng)量約占全球石油供給的3%。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：樸成奎

Boeing and its European rival Airbus stand to lose billions dollars in commercial aircraft deals with Iranian airlines because of President Donald Trump’s new Iran policy.

On May 8th, Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal, and that strict sanctions would be reintroduced. Germany, the United Kingdom and France want to stay in the deal, despite calls from the U.S. to pull out.

The original deal lifted sanctions against Iran in exchange for Iran curbing its nuclear program. Companies like Boeing and Airbus were then able to do business with Iranian airlines, which have outdated fleets. Combined, the two companies had won around $40 billion in contracts.

“The Boeing and Airbus licenses will be revoked,” Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin told the Washington Post. “The existing licenses will be revoked.”

Rencently, Boeing’s chief executive Dennis A. Muilenburg said that the company would “continue to follow the U.S. government’s lead,” according to the Times. He acknowledged that Boeing’s $20 billion in contracts with Iranian airlines would be terminated. Boeing, however, had not yet started building or even slotted production for the planes because of the nuclear deal’s uncertainty, the New York Times reported.

Airbus, however, had already delivered three planes as part of its 100-plane order to Iran Air. And despite the fact that Airbus is a European company, it is impacted by the new U.S. position because more than 10% of parts come from the U.S., according to the Post. The company said it would comply with U.S. sanctions.

While it is a loss of a new market—the Post explained that after the Iran deal went into place “aircraft sales were among the most sought-after contracts”—the cancellation of the deals are not expected to impact the companies in a major way. “The total number of orders affected represents just 2% of the companies’ combined order backlogs,” Bernstein Research told the Wall Street Journal.

The Times also notes that the current tensions in the Middle East may even help Boeing sell fighter jets and other defense technology. “It is now a better market for arms sales, period,” Richard Aboulafia, vice president of analysis at Teal Group, told the Times.

In addition to the aerospace industry, the oil industry was also affected by Trump’s decision on Iran: sanctions could force some companies to look for other supply lines outside of Iran, which provided 3% of global oil demand in April of this year.