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利用AI抓賊,中國的AI技術(shù)已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先世界

利用AI抓賊,中國的AI技術(shù)已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先世界

Clay Chandler 2018年07月03日
當(dāng)?shù)鼐綄I應(yīng)用于人臉識別,在有20000多觀眾出席的張學(xué)友演唱會中逮住了一名土豆大盜。

夏洛克,讓道了,中國的神探們說可以利用人工智能(A.I.)抓住罪犯——你要不信,就請看他們?nèi)绾卧谘莩獣凶プ×艘幻低炼沟馁\。

今年5月,香港歌手張學(xué)友在華東的嘉興舉辦演唱會,當(dāng)?shù)鼐綄.I.應(yīng)用于人臉識別,稱從20000多觀眾中逮住一名土豆大盜。這位毫無疑心的疑犯剛通過演唱會的安保系統(tǒng),不多久就被抓了:一項算法將他的臉與重點通緝犯頭像數(shù)據(jù)庫中的一張照片匹配起來。當(dāng)局以盜竊價值17000美元土豆的罪名將其逮捕。

使用北京曠視科技研發(fā)的軟件以來,這名盜賊已是張學(xué)友演唱會上被抓捕的第三名逃犯。而曠視科技是中國多家從事A.I.與人臉識別技術(shù)相結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)的先驅(qū)企業(yè)之一。阿里巴巴旗下的移動支付平臺螞蟻金服利用一項“微笑支付”功能,使用戶在肯德基點餐更便捷。杭州一所高中以此技術(shù)監(jiān)控學(xué)生出勤率。深圳以及其他城市的交警則以之鎖定亂穿馬路的行人和自行車。還有北京天壇附近一處公園,將該技術(shù)應(yīng)用于公廁,以防止游客盜竊廁紙。

這都反映了世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體擁抱A.I.技術(shù)的非凡熱忱。習(xí)近平主席承諾,到2030年,中國將成為人工智能領(lǐng)域的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,并以此創(chuàng)造價值近1500億美元的國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

面對中國的A.I.之夢,世界各國是否應(yīng)該擔(dān)憂?也許不必。不管是中國的分析人員還是美國的官員,其多數(shù)對于中國相關(guān)投入的評估都建立于一個共同的假設(shè),就是該計劃按照宣傳內(nèi)容切確落實。誠然,中國政府加大了對國有企業(yè)的扶持力度,對外企加以限制,并毫不吝嗇對關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)予以補(bǔ)貼,但中國的A.I.霸業(yè)還遠(yuǎn)沒有一個定數(shù)。“A.I.不少難關(guān)本質(zhì)上都是全球難題,”而“政府無法獨自解決,”麥肯錫(McKinsey)于6月就相關(guān)專題發(fā)出的報告中寫道。

谷歌大中華區(qū)(Google China)前總裁李開復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào),A.I.正由發(fā)現(xiàn)階段向?qū)嵤╇A段轉(zhuǎn)換,前者由美國主導(dǎo),至于后者,中國享有重大“結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)勢”。主要驅(qū)動力是什么?數(shù)據(jù)、計算能力,還有高水平的工程師。這些方面,人口第一大國占盡優(yōu)勢。

但人工智能的倡導(dǎo)者們發(fā)出告誡,數(shù)百萬就業(yè)機(jī)會將會因此喪失,對于一個就業(yè)嚴(yán)重依賴重復(fù)性制造業(yè)的國家來說,前景不容樂觀。中國將如何應(yīng)對?看來,深度學(xué)習(xí)也會造成深度問題。(財富中文網(wǎng))

本文另一版本刊載于2018年7月1日的《財富》雜志,標(biāo)題為“微微破碎的‘黑鏡’”。

譯者:沈昕宇

STEP ASIDE, SHERLOCK. Detectives in China say they can catch criminals using artificial intelligence—and if you don’t believe them, consider the case of the potato thief at the pop concert.

Officials in the eastern Chinese city of Jiaxing in May used A.I.-powered facial-recognition technology to nab the alleged tater taker from a crowd of more than 20,000 people attending a performance by Hong Kong crooner Jacky Cheung. Moments after passing through the concert’s security system, the unsuspecting suspect was busted: An algorithm matched his face with an image from a database of “most wanted” mug shots. Authorities seized the man on charges of stealing $17,000 worth of potatoes.

The thief was the third fugitive to be arrested at a Jacky Cheung concert in as many months using software developed by Beijing’s Megvii, among the many Chinese groups pioneering ways to combine A.I. and facial-recognition capabilities. Alibaba Group mobile payments affiliate Ant Financial uses a “smile to pay” feature to facilitate purchases at KFC. A high school in Hangzhou monitors students’ attentiveness in class. Traffic police in Shenzhen and other cities spot jaywalkers and reckless bike couriers. A park near Beijing’s Temple of Heaven uses the technology in a public restroom to stop patrons from stealing toilet paper.

All of this hints at the extraordinary zeal with which the world’s second-largest economy has embraced A.I. President Xi Jinping vows China will become the global leader in artificial intelligence by 2030, creating a domestic industry worth nearly $150 billion.

Should the rest of the world be alarmed by China’s A.I. dreams? Perhaps not. Implicit in most assessments of the country’s efforts, whether by U.S. officials or Chinese analysts, is the shared assumption that the programs will perform as advertised. Though the Chinese government has certainly stepped up support for state-owned enterprises, tightened restrictions on foreign firms, and doled out massive subsidies to key sectors, his country’s future A.I. supremacy is far from guaranteed. “Many of the challenges of A.I. are global in nature,” reads a June report from McKinsey on the subject, and “not for government to solve alone.”

Kai-Fu Lee, the former head of Google China, argues that A.I. is shifting from a U.S.-led Age of Discovery to an Age of Implementation in which China enjoys significant “structural advantages.” The main drivers? Data, computing power, and competent engineers—all of which favor the world’s most populous nation.

Yet proponents of artificial intelligence warn that it could wipe out millions of jobs, a troubling prospect in a country that remains so heavily dependent on repetitive manufacturing jobs. How will China cope? Deep learning, it seems, can also raise deep questions.

A version of this article appears in the July 1, 2018 issue of Fortune with the headline “'Black Mirror,' Slightly Broken.”

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