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區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證:美好卻不現(xiàn)實(shí)?

區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證:美好卻不現(xiàn)實(shí)?

JEFF JOHN ROBERTS 2018年08月19日

可行的區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)不僅需要公司和個(gè)人的合作,還需要政府協(xié)助。

上周我去了趟車輛管理局,流程如你所料:不停地填表,在木凳上苦等。那地方簡(jiǎn)直讓你覺得遭遇了技術(shù)上的時(shí)光倒流,但這可能也不是個(gè)大問題——畢竟,只有開車的人才會(huì)每過五年造訪這里一次。

麻煩在于,在上飛機(jī)或進(jìn)酒吧等許多其他場(chǎng)合,我們也要用到自己的駕駛證。它是一個(gè)有力的證件,告訴世人我們是誰。然而,把守這一身份系統(tǒng)的卻是笨拙的機(jī)動(dòng)車輛管理局,對(duì)帶夾子的寫字板有著瘋狂的迷戀。

這就是為何區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證如此吸引人。理論上,我們很快就可以把個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存到區(qū)塊鏈里了。它使用的生物測(cè)定技術(shù)可以確保只有那些獲得許可的人才能查閱數(shù)據(jù)。這意味著將來某一天,我們就不再需要Equifax等征信機(jī)構(gòu)來收集和儲(chǔ)存我們的個(gè)人信息了。在身份認(rèn)證上,埃森哲(Accenture)和微軟(Microsoft)等公司還提出了更加雄心勃勃的設(shè)想:利用區(qū)塊鏈來幫助難民和世界上的貧困人口獲得公民身份和移民紀(jì)錄。最棒的是,區(qū)塊鏈的安全特性意味著黑客入侵和盜取身份信息的難度會(huì)大大提升。

這些聽起來都很美好,實(shí)現(xiàn)起來卻極為復(fù)雜。因?yàn)榭尚械膮^(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)不僅需要公司和個(gè)人的合作,還需要政府協(xié)助。政府依舊掌握著定義我們正式身份的終極權(quán)力。不幸的是,我在車輛管理所的經(jīng)歷表明政府完全不擅長技術(shù)。這意味著要實(shí)現(xiàn)“身份的自我主權(quán)”的夢(mèng)想,還有很長的路要走。

令人驚訝的是,當(dāng)下正紅的區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證初創(chuàng)公司Civic的領(lǐng)袖文尼·林厄姆也同意這一點(diǎn)。在與《財(cái)富》(Fortune)的訪談中,林厄姆承認(rèn)政府和行業(yè)可能還要數(shù)年時(shí)間來敲定區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證的共同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。盡管初創(chuàng)公司uPort與瑞士的楚格市簽訂了推行區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)的協(xié)議,但他表示這些只是特殊情況,就像在數(shù)字化政府領(lǐng)域,愛沙尼亞屬于例外一樣。區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證要在更大范圍內(nèi)發(fā)展起來,難度會(huì)大得多。

林厄姆表示:“我們研究了區(qū)塊鏈投票,意識(shí)到任何政府都需要相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間才能推行它。至少在接下來兩屆美國總統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,我們不會(huì)看到通過區(qū)塊鏈進(jìn)行選舉的形式?!彼a(bǔ)充道,利用區(qū)塊鏈幫助世界各地窮人的精神值得贊揚(yáng),但目前這一想法基本不現(xiàn)實(shí)。

林厄姆稱,相反,區(qū)塊鏈身份識(shí)別系統(tǒng)將會(huì)首先在更加平凡的項(xiàng)目上得到采用,例如自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)或網(wǎng)站登錄等。他預(yù)測(cè)道,在此之后,它會(huì)應(yīng)用于社交媒體和約會(huì)網(wǎng)站。與此同時(shí),這一過程的進(jìn)展也會(huì)很緩慢。

林厄姆表示:“老實(shí)說這是個(gè)苦差。每周我們都會(huì)與幾十個(gè)用戶簽約。希望能很快變成每周幾百個(gè)或幾千個(gè)?!彼a(bǔ)充道,區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證項(xiàng)目需要結(jié)合每天或者每周都要使用的情境才具有可行性。

本質(zhì)上說,區(qū)塊鏈身份認(rèn)證不單純是個(gè)不切實(shí)際的愿景,但在可預(yù)見的未來里,駕駛證仍將是我們主要的身份證件之一。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:嚴(yán)匡正?

I went to the DMV last week and the visit unfolded as you’d expect: A lot of filling out paper forms and waiting on wooden benches. The place is a technology time warp and perhaps that’s not a big deal—after all, you only have to go there every 5 years if you want to drive a car.

The trouble is we use our drivers license for many other things, from boarding a plane to entering a bar. Our license is a powerful document that tells the world who we are. And yet, the gatekeeper to this identity system is a goofy motor vehicle agency that has a fetish for clipboards.

That’s why the idea of blockchain for identity is so intriguing. In theory, it will soon be possible to store our personal data on the blockchain, using biometrics to grant access only to those who ask for permission to see it. This could mean a day will come when we no longer need to rely on credit agencies like Equifax to collect and store troves of our personal information. More ambitious visions of identity—backed by the likes of Accenture and Microsoft—envision using blockchain as a way to help refugees and the world’s poor obtain citizenship and immigration records. Best of all, the security features of blockchain could mean hacking and identity theft will become much harder.

All of this sounds wonderful but horribly complicated. That’s because a viable blockchain ID system would entail coordination among not just businesses and individuals, but also governments—which still possess the ultimate authority to define our official identity. Unfortunately, as my trip to DMV underscored, governments are terrible at technology. This means the dream of “self sovereign identity” could be a long way off.

Surprisingly, one person who agrees is Vinny Lingham, who heads the buzzy blockchain ID startup, Civic. In an interview with Fortune, Lingham acknowledged it could take years for government and industry to agree on a common blockchain standard for identity. And while a startup, uPort, has signed up the Swiss city of Zug to implement a blockchain ID system, he says such examples are outlier cases in the same way Estonia is an outlier when it comes to digital government. It will be much harder for blockchain ID to get traction on a larger scale.

“We looked at blockchain voting, and realized it will take any government of a reasonable size years to implement it. We won’t see elections on the blockchain in the U.S. for at least two more cycles,” said Lingham, adding that using blockchain to help the world’s poor is an admirable but mostly out-of-reach idea for now.

Lingham says adoption of blockchain ID systems is instead going to start with more humble projects, such as vending machines and website log-ins. After that it will spread to applications like social media and dating sites, he predicts. In the meantime, though, it’s going to be slow-going.

“It’s a grind to be honest. Every week we’re signing up dozens of users. Hopefully it’ll soon be hundreds or thousands a week,” Lingham said, adding blockchain ID projects need to find daily and weekly use cases to be viable.

The bottom line is blockchain-for-identity is more than a pie-in-the-sky vision but, for the foreseeable future, our driver’s license is going to remain our primary form of ID.

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