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洞察號(hào)探測(cè)器登陸火星,接下來(lái)要干什么?

洞察號(hào)探測(cè)器登陸火星,接下來(lái)要干什么?

Renae Reints 2018-12-02
洞察號(hào)探測(cè)器登陸火星,接下來(lái)要干什么?

美國(guó)航空航天局 6年以來(lái)的首次火星登陸任務(wù)已經(jīng)安全完成。這個(gè)名為“洞察號(hào)”的火星探測(cè)器于美國(guó)東部時(shí)間11月26日下午3點(diǎn)之前剛剛在這個(gè)紅色星球上降落。

在著陸過(guò)程中,洞察號(hào)(InSight是“使用地震調(diào)查、測(cè)地學(xué)和熱傳輸來(lái)進(jìn)行內(nèi)部探測(cè)”的首字母縮寫(xiě))必須在6分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi),借助降落傘和多個(gè)引擎,將速度從1.23萬(wàn)英里/時(shí)降為零。由于電波傳輸?shù)淖匀谎舆t,人們?cè)?分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)探測(cè)器是否已經(jīng)安全著陸一無(wú)所知,也讓那些幾乎在7年前就開(kāi)始從事這個(gè)8.3億美元項(xiàng)目的工作人員著實(shí)緊張了一把。

如今,洞察號(hào)已在火星赤道北部的埃律西昂平原著陸,它將向地球發(fā)送其健康狀況報(bào)告,以及周邊環(huán)境圖片。它已經(jīng)發(fā)回了第一張圖片,只是圖片上的內(nèi)容算不上豐富。

我在火星上拍的第一張圖片!我的鏡頭蓋還沒(méi)有打開(kāi),但我還是迫不及待地向你們展示我對(duì)新家的第一印象。如需了解更多更新信息,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS #MarsLanding pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa

——美國(guó)航空航天局洞察號(hào)(@NASAInSight)2018年11月26日

洞察號(hào)有著特殊的任務(wù):它將成為第一個(gè)探測(cè)火星內(nèi)部構(gòu)造的探測(cè)器。

洞察號(hào)將利用能夠鉆探5米深的“鼴鼠”鉆頭,測(cè)量火星內(nèi)部溫度。其結(jié)果將有助于科學(xué)家確認(rèn)火星的構(gòu)成成分,看看它是否與地球的構(gòu)成相同。此外,它還將進(jìn)一步揭示火星的進(jìn)化過(guò)程。

洞察號(hào)還搭載了可測(cè)量輕微震動(dòng)的地震儀,它將提供有關(guān)火星內(nèi)部構(gòu)造的更多信息,從而幫助科學(xué)家確認(rèn)地表之下是否存在水或火山。

最終,洞察號(hào)將使用無(wú)線電傳輸來(lái)跟蹤火星游離不定的自轉(zhuǎn)軸。其結(jié)果將為科學(xué)家提供更多有關(guān)火星內(nèi)核的信息??茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)知道火星內(nèi)核含有大量的鐵,但其中也有可能存在液體和其他元素。

所有這一切都將幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解行星的形成過(guò)程。

洞察號(hào)的首席科學(xué)家布魯斯·巴蘭特向BBC透露:“我們認(rèn)為,行星如何進(jìn)化的一些小細(xì)節(jié)造成了行星之間的差別:例如在地球上,人們可以度假,享受日光??;在金星上,人們?cè)跀?shù)秒之內(nèi)便會(huì)被燒的體無(wú)完膚;但在火星上,人們則會(huì)被凍死。”

《時(shí)代》周刊稱,洞察號(hào)將把數(shù)據(jù)源源不斷地傳回地球,而且至少持續(xù)兩年的時(shí)間。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

NASA’s first mission to Mars in six years has landed safely. The probe, titled InSight, touched down on the Red Planet just before 3 pm EST.

The landing required InSight (which stands for “Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport”) to decelerate from 12,300 mph to zero in six minutes, with the help of a parachute and a number of engines. Due to a natural delay in radio transmissions, no one knew if the probe landed safely for seven minutes—a tense wait for those who have worked on the $830 million-project since its beginning roughly seven years ago.

Now that it’s landed on Elysium Planitia, a plain north of Mars’ equator, InSight will send a health report and a picture of its surroundings. It’s already sent its first photo, although it’s not much to see.

My first picture on #Mars! My lens cover isn’t off yet, but I just had to show you a first look at my new home. More status updates:https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS #MarsLanding pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa

— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) November 26, 2018

InSight’s mission is unique: It’ll be the first probe to explore the interior of Mars.

Using a “mole” capable of drilling 5 meters below the surface, InSight will be able to take the planet’s internal temperature. This will help scientists determine what Mars is made of—whether it’s the same material as Earth or not. Additionally, it’ll give further insights into how the planet evolved.

InSight is also equipped with seismometers to measure minor vibrations that will give more information on the planet’s internal structure, helping scientists determine whether there’s water or volcanoes below.

Finally, InSight will use radio transmissions to track how Mars wobbles on its axis. This will give scientists more data on Mars’ core. They know it’s rich in iron, but there may also be liquid and other elements.

All of this will help scientists better understand how planets form.

“The small details in how planets evolve are what we think make the difference between a place like Earth where you can go on vacation and get a tan, and a place like Venus where you’ll burn in seconds or a place like Mars where you’ll freeze to death,” InSight chief scientist Bruce Banerdt told BBC.

According to TIME, InSight is expected to send data back home for at least two years.

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