斯坦福大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)勞埃德·邁納希望人們少談一些精準(zhǔn)用藥，多談?wù)劇熬珳?zhǔn)醫(yī)療”。

當(dāng)然了，精準(zhǔn)用藥是真正患病時(shí)需要的對(duì)策。如果確診患癌，精準(zhǔn)用藥就意味著，配合具體病癥和個(gè)人的基因?qū)ΠY下藥。

精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療則是硬幣的另一面。“目標(biāo)是精準(zhǔn)地預(yù)測(cè)、預(yù)防和治療。”邁納在上周三出席于加州圣迭戈舉行的《財(cái)富》頭腦風(fēng)暴健康大會(huì)時(shí)這樣解釋。

科研型內(nèi)科醫(yī)生邁納表示，隨著精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療的發(fā)展壯大，對(duì)極其具體的精準(zhǔn)用藥治療需求已經(jīng)減少。他說(shuō)，在心理疾病問(wèn)題上，精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療也能打開(kāi)局面。

“我們對(duì)心理疾病相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)的了解還處于初期?！边~納稱，“可是，科研進(jìn)展的速度令人鼓舞，現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)上已經(jīng)不再將抑郁視為單一疾病?！?/p>

抑郁可能需要分一些亞型，和癌癥比較類似。心理疾病之間的差別顯然很大。邁納認(rèn)為，更全面分類可以幫助醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)人士“不局限于癥狀的表象，更透徹地研究，哪種治療方法可能最有效?！?/p>

他說(shuō)，預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)防心理疾病“是我認(rèn)為正不斷取得進(jìn)展的領(lǐng)域”。幸運(yùn)的是，用人單位已經(jīng)開(kāi)始更重視員工的心理健康狀況，“注重提升職場(chǎng)的心理健康和幸福感?！?/p>

不過(guò)，還有很多工作需要做，尤其是地方醫(yī)院層面。邁納指出：“在美國(guó)，超過(guò)一半執(zhí)業(yè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生忙得精疲力盡，這種現(xiàn)象不可接受?！?/p>

邁納認(rèn)為，部分原因是電子病歷。內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在電子病歷系統(tǒng)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和給病人看病的一樣，甚至更多。“我覺(jué)得，投身醫(yī)學(xué)可不是為了當(dāng)處理電子病歷的專家?！彼f(shuō)。

邁納稱，影響人體健康的各項(xiàng)因素之中，醫(yī)療保健和基因占了四分之一。社會(huì)、行為和環(huán)境方面的決定因素占了剩下四分之三。這就是我們需要更多精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療，以及可能要多休息的原因。

邁納指出：“打造整個(gè)社會(huì)的健康觀至關(guān)重要。”（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：馮豐

審校：夏林

Lloyd Minor, dean of the Stanford University School of Medicine, wants to hear a little less chatter about precision medicine and a little more about “precision health.”

Precision medicine, of course, is the solution for when you’re really sick. Diagnosed with cancer? Precision medicine suggests a treatment that caters to your specific disease and your genetic makeup.

Precision health, meanwhile, is the flip side of that coin. “To predict, prevent, and cure precisely,” Minor said last Wednesday at Fortune’s Brainstorm Health conference in San Diego.

The need for ultra-specific precision medicine treatments is reduced with growth of precision health, argued the academic-physician. Consider mental illness—precision health could make a difference, he said.

“Our knowledge of the science behind mental illness is still in its infancy,” Minor said. “But the pace of scientific advances is encouraging. We’re moving beyond thinking of depression as one illness.”

Depression may require subtypes, not unlike cancer. And it’s clear that mental illnesses vary considerably. Thus a more holistic approach would allow medical professionals to “l(fā)ook beyond, or in addition to, the symptoms at what the most effective treatment may be,” Minor said.

Predicting and preventing mental illness “is an area where I believe we’re making some progress,” he added. Thankfully, employers are already beginning to focus more on mental health and wellbeing of employees to “make mental health and wellbeing a feature of the workplace.”

But there’s more work to be done—especially at your local hospital. “Over half the physicians practicing medicine in the United States are burned out,” Minor said. “That’s just unacceptable.”

Electronic health records are partly to blame, he said. Physicians are spending as much, if not more, time in front of EHRs as patients. “I don’t think any of us went into medicine because we wanted to be an expert in making an EHR work,” he said.

Medical care and genetics make up about one quarter of the total inputs for a person’s health, Minor said. Social, behavioral, and environmental determinants dictate the rest. Which is why the world needs more precision health—and perhaps a little more rest.

Said Minor: “The culture of wellness within our organizations is so critically important.”