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汽車行業(yè)懇請英國敲定脫歐協(xié)議

汽車行業(yè)懇請英國敲定脫歐協(xié)議

Phil Boucher 2019-04-11
如果無協(xié)議脫歐,英國就得遵循世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)定,那就意味著所有跨越英國-歐盟邊界的汽車貿(mào)易都要繳納10%的關(guān)稅。

英國汽車生產(chǎn)商與經(jīng)銷商協(xié)會(SMMT)呼吁從速消除英國脫歐引發(fā)的“政治和經(jīng)濟不確定性”,原因是最新跡象表明經(jīng)濟顧慮讓英國人突然停止購買汽車。

該協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,今年3月新車牌登記數(shù)量減少3.4%,創(chuàng)六年新低,而且私人和企業(yè)購車水平雙雙下滑。

作為全球第五大經(jīng)濟體,英國距離無協(xié)議脫歐只剩下短短數(shù)天時間,除非英國議會通過首相特蕾莎·梅的脫歐計劃,或者歐盟同意將最終期限從4月12日向后推遲。如果無協(xié)議脫歐,英國就得遵循世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)規(guī)定,那就意味著所有跨越英國-歐盟邊界的汽車貿(mào)易都要繳納10%的關(guān)稅。

英國國家特許經(jīng)銷商協(xié)會(NFDA)的主任蘇·羅賓森表示:“任何引發(fā)關(guān)稅或邊界摩擦的因素都可能成為我們的重大業(yè)務(wù)障礙。我們已經(jīng)非常清楚地指出,這可能給我們帶來每年高達10億美元的成本?!?/p>

3月的汽車需求被視為英國汽車行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵指標,因為這個月是每年更換車牌的時段。以前這個因素往往會促使買家購車,以便可以擁有最新的車牌號碼。

SMMT數(shù)據(jù)表明3月的私家車需求下降2.8%,商用車銷售則大跌41.4%。幾乎所有車型都出現(xiàn)了滑坡,包括受歡迎的SUV(降1.8%)和小型家用車(降4%)。

SMMT的首席執(zhí)行官麥克·霍斯說:“3月是新車市場的關(guān)鍵晴雨表,所以說這次下跌顯然讓人擔(dān)心。雖然汽車廠商仍在投資于令人興奮的車型和尖端技術(shù),但要讓英國從這些進展中充分受益,我們就需要一個充滿活力的市場,以鼓勵人們采用新技術(shù)?!?/p>

他還說:“我們急需結(jié)束政治和經(jīng)濟不確定的局面,途徑是徹底消除‘無協(xié)議’脫歐的威脅并商定今后的關(guān)系,以避免所有可能提升成本,進而推高價格的額外摩擦?!?/p>

據(jù)SMMT介紹,逆勢上行的只有小型迷你車和廂式客貨兩用車,其銷量分別上升了4.3%和10.6%。在英國,大多數(shù)廂式客貨兩用車都使用柴油,而目前每升柴油的零售價比汽油高10便士,這就讓此類車型的銷量增長更顯得出人意料。柴油車銷量則大跌21%,而且已經(jīng)是連續(xù)第24個月下滑。

今年第一季度,英國新車銷量為701306輛,比上年同期下降2.4%。

汽車經(jīng)銷商AA Cars的首席執(zhí)行官詹姆斯·費爾克拉夫說:“一個很明顯的情況是國會的不確定性依然決定著全國消費者信心的基調(diào)。由于今后幾周的前景非常不明朗,購物者顯然對大宗消費持謹慎態(tài)度。”

3月銷售數(shù)據(jù)是英國汽車行業(yè)遭遇的最新負面消息。2018年,英國新車銷售出現(xiàn)了2008年金融危機以來的最大跌幅,比上年減少6.8%。

英國汽車行業(yè)有超過85萬名就業(yè)者,它遭受的另一打擊是日本汽車三巨頭——日產(chǎn)、本田和豐田最近決定壓縮英國生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,其中一部分原因是英國脫歐,另一部分原因是歐盟和日本近期簽署的貿(mào)易協(xié)議讓日本公司能夠直接以零關(guān)稅向歐洲出口汽車。

上周三,福特歐洲董事長史蒂文·阿姆斯特朗在接受美聯(lián)社采訪時稱,福特汽車可能也“得認真考慮無協(xié)議脫歐背景下該公司在英國投資的長期前景”。他還說:“無協(xié)議脫歐對英國汽車行業(yè)來說將是一場災(zāi)難,在這個行業(yè)里,我重視的當然是福特汽車公司?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))

譯者:Charlie

審校:夏林

The trade association for the U.K. auto industry has called for an urgent end “to the political and economic uncertainty” caused by Brexit, following the latest signs that Britons are sharply pulling back on buying cars due to economic jitters.

Figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) show that new car registrations slumped by 3.4% in March to their lowest level in six years, with the drop felt in both the private and business sectors.

Britain, the world’s fifth largest economy, will crash out of the EU in just over eight days unless Parliament passes Prime Minister Theresa May’s withdrawal agreement, or the European Union agrees to extend the existing April 12 deadline. Should a no-deal Brexit happen, then Britain would have to operate under WTO rules, meaning all cars would incur 10% tariffs the moment they cross the U.K.-EU border.

“Anything that puts tariffs or friction at the borders in place would be a significant inhibitor to our business,” said Sue Robinson, Director of the National Franchised Dealers Association (NFDA). “We’ve been very clear in saying that could cost us up to a billion dollars a year.”

Car demand across March is considered to be a key bellwether for the U.K. auto industry, as it coincides with the yearly change in license plates. Traditionally, this has driven buyers into showrooms for the prestige of owning the very latest registration number.

SMMT figures show that demand for private vehicles fell by 2.8% during the month, while business sales nosedived by 41.4%. Declines were also registered across almost every vehicle segment, including popular SUVs (-1.8%) and small family cars (-4.0%).

“March is a key barometer for the new car market, so this fall is of clear concern,” said Mike Hawes, chief executive of SMMT. “While manufacturers continue to invest in exciting models and cutting-edge tech, for the U.K. to reap the full benefits of these advances, we need a strong market that encourages the adoption of new technology.”

He continued, “We urgently need an end to the political and economic uncertainty by removing permanently the threat of a ‘no deal’ Brexit and agreeing a future relationship that avoids any additional friction that would increase costs and hence prices.”

According to the SMMT, only superminis and vans bucked the negative trend, registering 4.3% and 10.6% increases respectively—a development made more surprising by the fact that most British vans run on diesel, which is currently 10p per-liter more expensive than gasoline at the fuel pumps. However, diesel car sales sank by a dramatic 21%—the 24th straight monthly decline.

In the first quarter overall, new car sales were down 2.4% compared with the same period last year, at 701,306.

“The stark truth is that the uncertainty in Westminster continues to set the tone for consumer confidence across the country,” said James Fairclough, chief executive of car dealership AA Cars. “With little clarity on what’s happening over the next couple of weeks, buyers are being decidedly cautious in paying for big-ticket items.”

The March sales figures are the latest bad news for the U.K. car industry. In 2018, new car sales fell at their fastest rate since the global financial crisis a decade ago, with car purchases down 6.8% on the previous year.

The auto sector, which employs over 850,000 workers, has also been hit by the recent decisions of Japanese car giants Nissan, Honda and Toyota to scale back production in the U.K., partly as a result of Brexit but also because the recent EU/Japan trade deal enables Japanese firms to export cars directly into Europe tariff-free.

On last Wednesday, Ford Europe Chairman Steven Armstrong told the Associated Press that the automaker would also “have to consider seriously the long-term future of our investments in the country” in the event of a no-deal Brexit, adding that “a no-deal Brexit, would be a disaster for the automotive industry in the U.K. and within that, of course, I count Ford Motor Company.”

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