政府數(shù)據(jù)應該是安全的，對嗎？可不一定。一份新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過去的四年半中發(fā)生了443次數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件，涉及1億6896萬2628份檔案。

據(jù)科技研究網(wǎng)站Comparitech分析，這一數(shù)據(jù)包括數(shù)據(jù)庫泄漏，以及電子和紙質(zhì)檔案的泄漏，該網(wǎng)站分析了自2014年開始的政府數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件，并使用了身份盜竊資源中心的報告。

泄漏數(shù)據(jù)涉及面很廣——比如2018年美國郵政服務網(wǎng)絡的漏洞，就導致6000萬用戶的賬戶信息被曝光——有時只造成簡單的人為錯誤，比如郵寄到了錯誤地址。據(jù)這份研究報告，2018年數(shù)據(jù)泄漏情況最為嚴重，共有100起，涉及8150萬5426份檔案。

哪些機構(gòu)是最容易被攻擊的呢？美國郵政服務和美國人事管理辦公室。按照被泄漏檔案數(shù)量排名，這兩家排在前十名中的第一和第二位，分別有6000萬和2150萬份檔案被泄漏，且這兩個機構(gòu)在榜單上都出現(xiàn)了兩次。第三名是2017年的加州州務卿，有1920萬份檔案被泄漏。

那么數(shù)據(jù)泄漏頻率最高的是哪些機構(gòu)？那要算美國衛(wèi)生部和退伍軍人事務部。衛(wèi)生部自2014年起發(fā)生了29次數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件，涉及17萬4547份檔案，而退伍軍人事務部發(fā)生33起，涉及11萬3786份檔案。城市網(wǎng)絡也顯得特別脆弱。

按州來看待這一數(shù)據(jù)，作為許多政府機構(gòu)和辦公室的所在地，華盛頓特區(qū)發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)泄漏次數(shù)最多并不奇怪，總共37次涉及9516萬6900份檔案。加州的數(shù)據(jù)泄漏次數(shù)最高——達57次——但涉及檔案不到華盛頓的三分之一，為2429萬9303份。

小一點的州也未能幸免——有些數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件中，反倒有更多人受影響。比如阿拉巴馬州，自2014年起僅有5次數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件，但卻涉及驚人的139萬7389份檔案。

據(jù)研究報告顯示，在過去幾年，只有寥寥數(shù)州沒有發(fā)生一次數(shù)據(jù)泄漏事件：夏威夷、內(nèi)布拉斯加和西弗吉尼亞州。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：宣峰

Government data should be secure, right? Think again. A new study has discovered 443 breaches involving 168,962,628 records in the past 4.5 years.

These figures include database breaches, as well as electronic and paper breaches, according to findings by technology research website Comparitech, which analyzed government data breaches since 2014, using reports by the Identity Theft Resource Center.

Breaches can be extensive—such as a flaw in the U.S. Postal Service network that exposed the account details of 60 million users in 2018—or simple human error, such as mailing information to the wrong address. 2018 was the worst year, with 100 breaches involving 81,505,426 records, according to the study.

The agencies that have proven to be the most vulnerable? The U.S. Postal Service and the Office of Personnel Management. The agencies take the top two places in the list of the Top 10 largest breaches by number of records exposed, with 60,000,000 and 21,500,000 records exposed respectively, and both appear twice in that list. The third biggest breach was of the California Secretary of State in 2017, with 19,200,000 records exposed.

But the agencies breached the most frequently? That would be the Department of Health and Veterans Affairs. Health saw 29 cases since 2014, involving 174,547 records, while the VA had 33 cases involving 113,786 records. City networks have also proven to be particularly vulnerable.

Looking at the data on a state-by-state basis, it should not be surprising that Washington, D.C., the home of many government agencies and offices, has had the most data breaches, totaling 37 cases affecting 95,166,900 records. California has the highest total number of cases—57—but less than a third as many records were affected: 24,299,303.

Smaller states are not immune to data breaches though either—and in some cases may see even more people affected. Alabama, for example, has recorded only five cases since 2014, but a notable 1,397,389 records were affected.

Just three states have not had a single data breach in the last several years: Hawaii, Nebraska, and West Virginia, according to the study.