成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
開發(fā)通用型流感疫苗,創(chuàng)新科技與金融投資缺一不可

開發(fā)通用型流感疫苗,創(chuàng)新科技與金融投資缺一不可

Harvey V. Fineberg, Shirley M. Tilghman 2020-01-12
白宮經濟顧問委員會的一份報告顯示,流感每年會給美國造成高達3610億美元的經濟損失,包括醫(yī)療費用、誤工損失和生命損失。

流感疫苗針劑。美國每年由流感造成的醫(yī)療、誤工和生命損失達3610億美元。
圖片來源:Bernd Wüstneck/picture alliance via Getty Images

假期,流感再次悄然來襲。截至2019年12月11日,美國已經有6名兒童因為流感而死亡,而正如美國疾病控制與預防中心指出的那樣,“流感季才剛剛開始?!痹诹鞲新有蝿莺棉D之前,情況只會更糟:2018年,共有143名兒童死于流感。

在流感病毒肆虐的同時,有關部門開始再次強調疫苗的重要性,而人們對疫苗的不滿情緒也日益凸顯。不是說疫苗不好,而是還不夠好。

“善變”的流感病毒,每隔一段時間就會發(fā)生變異,因此每年都需要對疫苗配方進行調整。1918年的流感大流行在全球范圍內造成約5000萬人死亡,雖然這只是個案,但突變毒株引發(fā)新一輪的流感大流行的可能性仍然存在。

人們經常將流感與許多不太嚴重、癥狀類似的感染(“感冒”)混為一談,對其威脅也不以為意。但毫無疑問流感非常致命,僅在2017至2018年的流感季節(jié),美國就有約61000人死于流感,比當年死于過量使用阿片類藥物的人數還多。

白宮經濟顧問委員會的最新報告顯示,流感每年會給美國造成高達3610億美元的經濟損失,包括醫(yī)療費用、誤工損失和生命損失。而流感疫苗緩慢的生產速度以及10%至60%不等的整體有效率則使問題雪上加霜。在流感大流行期間,現有技術下的疫苗生產速度趕不上病毒傳播速度,導致損失大幅增加。以2009至2010年的流感大流行為例,按照白宮經濟顧問委員會的估計,如果能夠提升疫苗生產速度,同時將疫苗有效率提升30%,那么僅通過接種疫苗就能增加約9530億美元的經濟效益。

在近期的年度報告中,全球備災監(jiān)測委員會的評估結果令人憂慮。該報告直截了當地指出,各國政府“遇到流感爆發(fā)就不遺余力控制疫情,疫情稍退就又會放松警惕”,如此“好了傷疤忘了疼”的做法已經形成了“恐慌與忽視的惡性循環(huán)”。

要更好地應對流感威脅,我們需要新的、持續(xù)的金融和技術投資。而其中首要任務就是對現有流感疫苗生產進行現代化改造,以便迅速實現靶向疫苗的規(guī)模化生產,應對未來新出現的流感毒株。薩賓-阿斯彭疫苗科學與政策小組在其近期發(fā)布的報告中指出,現有疫苗生產仍然主要基于20世紀40年代的技術。但人命關天,如果等到威脅出現才開始行動,后果將不堪設想。

而要消除流感的威脅,我們就必須開發(fā)出能夠長效對抗未來各種流感毒株的通用型疫苗。

流感防控的緊迫性和重要性要求我們盡快采取相應措施,綜合使用科學、技術和金融手段,集中力量推動通用型流感疫苗的開發(fā)工作。

一方面,美國國立變態(tài)反應和傳染病研究所正在開展多項研究,解決諸多基礎科學層面面臨的挑戰(zhàn),包括全面了解人體免疫系統(tǒng)預防流感的機制及其評估辦法等。另一方面,私營部門和公共部門的投入對突破疫苗研發(fā)瓶頸也有著至關重要的作用。蓋茨基金會和流感實驗室也推出了“通用流感疫苗開發(fā)大挑戰(zhàn)”項目,呼吁科學界尋找新的疫苗開發(fā)策略。

大膽設想并果斷行動已經刻不容緩。如果現在就進行必要投資,那么未來就能大幅降低流感造成的高昂損失。(財富中文網)

哈維·V·費恩伯格博士、雪莉·M·蒂爾格曼博士是薩賓·阿斯彭疫苗科學與政策小組的聯合主席。

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

An unwelcome visitor during the holiday season has returned: influenza. As of December 11, 2019, six children have already fallen victim to the disease. And, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points out, “the flu season is just getting started.” It will only get worse before it gets better: Last year’s pediatric death total was 143.

With the spread of the virus comes the annual message stressing the importance of vaccination. Yet at the same time comes disappointment with the performance of current vaccines. They are good—but just aren’t good enough.

Influenza is a fickle virus. It regularly mutates, requiring adjustments to the vaccine’s formula every year. While only rarely do these unpredictable mutations turn the virus into an international killer on the scale of the 1918 influenza pandemic—which killed around 50 million people globally—the possibility of such a variant strain that could trigger a global pandemic looms each year.

The confusion of influenza with the many less serious, similarly symptomatic, infections that are commonly labeled “the flu” often contributes to complacency about the threat influenza poses. Make no mistake, influenza is a killer: In the U.S., the 2017 to 2018 season took an estimated 61,000 lives—more than the deaths from opioid overdoses that year.

Influenza extracts a heavy economic toll, costing the U.S. $361 billion each year, including health care costs, work missed, and lives lost, according to a recent report by the White House Council of Economic Advisors (CEA). Exacerbating this is the slow pace of manufacturing annual influenza vaccines combined with effectiveness rates that range from 10% to 60%. And these costs would increase considerably during a pandemic where the spread of the disease outpaces existing vaccine production technology. In the 2009 to 2010 pandemic, for instance, the CEA report estimates that combining an increased speed of production with a 30% improvement in vaccine effectiveness would have added around $953 billion in increased economic benefit from vaccination.

In its recent annual report, the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB) gave a candid and urgent assessment, noting that governments have established “a cycle of panic and neglect when it comes to pandemics,” where there is a “ramp[ing] up efforts when there is a serious threat,” which is forgotten “when the threat subsides.”

To face down these threats, new, sustained investments—both financial and technical—are required. Modernizing the influenza vaccine manufacturing industry—and rapidly scaling up production of tailor-made vaccines to protect against newly-emergent influenza strains—is an important start. Current vaccine manufacturing remains largely based on 1940s technology, as our recent report from the Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group highlights. But the stakes are too high to be satisfied with a response that begins only after a threat surfaces.

Eliminating the threat requires a universal influenza vaccine that provides effective, long-lasting protection against any future influenza virus strain.

The urgency and magnitude of the threat calls for an equally matched response—one that combines scientific, technical, and financial assets focused on the single-mission of developing a universal influenza vaccine.

In addition to current efforts by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to tackle the many foundational scientific challenges—such as a full understanding of how the human immune system protects against influenza and how to measure that protection—new private and public sector investments are essential to propel vaccine discovery beyond the current limitations. Efforts like the Gates Foundation and Flu Lab’s “Universal Influenza Vaccine Development Grand Challenge” call on the scientific community to find new, innovative strategies for vaccine development.

It is time for a bold vision and even bolder action. If the necessary investments are made now, the high costs that influenza will exact on the future would be radically diminished.

Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg and Dr. Shirley M. Tilghman are co-chairs of the Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group.

掃描二維碼下載財富APP
亚洲精品无码久久久影院相关影片| 潮喷大喷水系列无码精品视频| 亚洲无码色色性行为视频| 性饥渴的农村熟妇在线观看| 国产亚洲曝欧美不卡精品| 亚洲热在线视频亚洲永久精品网站| 国产免费av片在线观看与下载| 人人妻人人澡人人爽曰本| 亚洲av成人一区二区三区| JAPANESEHD熟女熟妇伦,啊轻点灬大JI巴太粗太长了| 国产精品无码一级免费看A级毛激情| 亚洲天然素人无码专区| 国产成人综合亚洲欧美在线n| 无码国产精品一区二区免费式直播| 国产一区二区视频在线播放| 午夜毛片不卡免费观看视频| 国产成人精品一区二区视频| 精品女同一区二区三区在线| 热99re久久精品国产99热| 羞羞动漫美女的胸被狂揉扒开| 国产午夜精品视频一区二区三区| 岛国少妇精品久久中文字幕| 欧美人与动牲交a免费观看| 国产一三区A片在线播放| 桃美女性感视频一区二区三区| 欧美va国产va在线观看| 精品乱子伦一区二区三区高清免费播放| 亚洲综合欧美色五月俺也去| 日本A级精品一区二区三区| 亚洲熟妇AV一区二区三区浪潮| 色欲av永久无码精品无码蜜桃| 我们的高清在线观看免费视频| 在线香蕉精品视频在线观看视频| 色橹橹欧美在线观看视频高清| 成人h视频在线观看| 日本亚洲国产在线视频| 国产精品免费无码二区| 国产蜜桃一区二区三区在线观看 -| 美女脱光衣亚洲国产精品不卡高清在线| 色婷婷色综合激情国产日韩| 免费无码αv片在线观看潮喷|