????一名男子停好自行車(chē)，摘下頭盔，露出光禿禿的頭和花白的眉毛。一位穿著矯形鞋的女士走進(jìn)辦公樓，另一位女士戴著雙焦眼鏡看著自己的智能手機(jī)，手機(jī)上的字體很大，以方便閱讀。不，這并非西樂(lè)葆（Celebrex，用于治療關(guān)節(jié)炎和類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎的藥物——譯注）的廣告。這只是未來(lái)勞動(dòng)群體的一個(gè)縮影。

????2008年的股災(zāi)及隨后的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退耗盡了許多嬰兒潮一代的積蓄。美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局（Bureau of Statistics）估計(jì)，2022年將有1,320萬(wàn)65歲及以上的人仍堅(jiān)守在工作崗位上，而目前，這一群體的數(shù)量?jī)H為730萬(wàn)。隨著步入花甲之年的美國(guó)人推遲退休（有人是為了補(bǔ)充存儲(chǔ)退休基金，有人則是因?yàn)橛X(jué)得自己會(huì)活得更長(zhǎng)久，因此需要不斷賺錢(qián)），一個(gè)高齡的勞動(dòng)群體即將形成。

????但是，辦公室里并不會(huì)滿(mǎn)是行動(dòng)笨拙的老年人。未來(lái)學(xué)家索尼婭?阿里森預(yù)測(cè)，老年人將會(huì)比以往更加健康。她說(shuō)，像“老爺車(chē)”一樣，出現(xiàn)毛病的身體部位也能夠進(jìn)行替換。新的藥物將能緩解許多病痛的癥狀，比如關(guān)節(jié)炎和高血壓，這樣，許多六七十歲的人也可以每日前往辦公室或工廠上班。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于想要工作的老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，限制因素可能是腦力的局限（與年齡相關(guān)的記憶力減退以及更為嚴(yán)重的疾病，如老年癡呆癥等），而非體力因素。

????勞動(dòng)力的老化引發(fā)出一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題，即企業(yè)將如何解決健康福利。人力資源咨詢(xún)公司美世（Mercer）健康和福利業(yè)務(wù)的首席精算師布魯斯?理查茲預(yù)計(jì)，企業(yè)會(huì)著手調(diào)整其涵蓋的治療種類(lèi)，由全體員工、而不僅僅只是高齡員工來(lái)為支付這筆費(fèi)用承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。至于退休儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃，企業(yè)將會(huì)繼續(xù)脫離傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃，而采用能夠減輕企業(yè)收入壓力的策略——為全體員工提供固定的繳費(fèi)計(jì)劃。

????企業(yè)必須發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性來(lái)管理60歲以上的員工群體。不過(guò)，許多企業(yè)的老年員工會(huì)成為一種資產(chǎn)。藥品連鎖店CVS公司（CVS Caremark）發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多客戶(hù)更喜歡向更為年長(zhǎng)、更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的藥劑師咨詢(xún)健康問(wèn)題。為了留住這些有價(jià)值的員工，該公司已經(jīng)推出了“雪鳥(niǎo)”（snowbird，比喻冬季向南方遷徙，夏季向北方遷徙的北美人——譯注）計(jì)劃，允許他們夏季在北方工作，冬季則前往南方工作。

????譯者：qian

????A man parks his bike and unbuckles his helmet to reveal baldness and salt-and-pepper eyebrows. A woman in orthopedic shoes makes her way into an office building, while another peers through her bifocal glasses at her smartphone, the font on the screen bumped up a few sizes for easier reading. No, this isn't an ad for Celebrex. This is a glimpse at the workforce of tomorrow.

????The market crash of 2008 and the subsequent recession depleted the savings of many baby boomers. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that 13.2 million workers 65 and over will log office hours in 2022, up from about 7.3 million today. As aging Americans defer retirement -- either to restock retirement funds or because they expect to live longer and need to keep earning money -- an older workforce will take shape.

????But gawky walkers won't clutter offices. Futurist Sonia Arrison predicts that the elderly will be healthier than ever. Broken-down parts, she says, can be replaced "like a vintage car." And new drugs will temper the symptoms of many other afflictions -- arthritis and hypertension, for example -- enabling many people in their sixties and seventies to make the daily trek to an office or factory. Indeed, the gating factors for seniors who want to work may be mental limitations (age-related memory loss and more serious diseases such as Alzheimer's) more than physical ones.

????With an older workforce comes big questions about how companies will handle health benefits. Bruce Richards, chief actuary in the health and benefits business at Mercer, a human resources consultancy, predicts that companies will look to alter the kinds of treatments they will cover and put more responsibility for payment on all their employees -- not just older workers. As for retirement savings plans, companies will continue to move away from traditional pension plans and offer all workers defined-contribution plans, a strategy that takes pressure off corporate earnings.

????Companies will have to be creative about how they manage a workplace with staffs whose ages could span 60 years. But for many companies seniors will prove an asset. Drug chain CVS Caremark (CVS) is learning that many of its customers prefer to consult with older, more experienced pharmacists about health issues. To retain those valuable employees, the company has launched a "snowbird" program that lets them work up North in the summer and in the South for the winter.