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進(jìn)取心 ≠ 成功 ≠ 幸福

進(jìn)取心 ≠ 成功 ≠ 幸福

Anne Fisher 2012年03月12日
一份最新研究指出,一流學(xué)校畢業(yè),然后一步步走上公司高層,不一定會帶來長壽幸福的生活。

????你如何定義成功?

????這個問題是美國圣母大學(xué)(University of Notre Dame)門多薩商學(xué)院(Mendoza College of Business)管理學(xué)教授蒂姆西?賈吉進(jìn)行的一項深入研究項目的核心。賈吉稱:“雖然積極進(jìn)取的人取得了很多成就,但他們的幸福感相比不那么積極進(jìn)取的人只高了一點點,而且他們的壽命事實上也相對更短一些?!?/p>

????他的這項研究跟蹤調(diào)查了717名生于上世紀(jì)初的積極進(jìn)取者,選取他們從童年到成年以及日后歲月中的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點,針對進(jìn)取心、成就以及各種健康和幸福指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了測定。

????接受調(diào)查的人中很多都是畢業(yè)于哈佛(Harvard)、耶魯(Yale)、普林斯頓(Princeton)、斯坦福(Stanford)和其他一流名校,隨后從事高要求、高地位和高收入的職業(yè)。但與控制組中的尋求安逸者(心理學(xué)家通常將這類人列為B類人)相比,這些高成就者的幸福感并沒有顯著增加。而且,平均而言,尋求安逸者的壽命比高成就者更長。

????“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),進(jìn)取心最多只是增加人生滿足感的一個很細(xì)微的因素,事實上它同時還對壽命具有輕微的負(fù)面影響,”賈吉說。“因此,沒錯,積極進(jìn)取者的確擁有更成功的事業(yè),但這看起來并沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為更幸福、更健康的生活。”

????雖然這項研究沒有指出導(dǎo)致積極進(jìn)取者壽命較短的原因,但賈吉猜測:“或許是因為他們對事業(yè)忘我投入,忽略了很多有益于健康的事情,”比如“健康的生活習(xí)慣、穩(wěn)定的家庭關(guān)系和深候的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。

????因此,父母們需要注意了:敦促子女抱負(fù)遠(yuǎn)大理想、進(jìn)名牌學(xué)校、追尋輝煌事業(yè)從長遠(yuǎn)來看似乎對他們并沒有什么好處。

????“如果你最大的愿望是他們能擁有幸福和健康的生活,或許不應(yīng)過度強調(diào)事業(yè)成功的重要性,”賈吉說?!斑M(jìn)取心能給我們(以及孩子們)的東西有限?!?/p>

????這項研究報告《志存高遠(yuǎn)的價值:進(jìn)取心的前因和后果》(On the Value of Aiming High: The Causes and Consequences of Ambition)將刊登在即將出版的《應(yīng)用心理學(xué)》雜志 (Journal of Applied Psychology)上。

????譯者:老榆木

????How do you define success?

????That's the question at the core of an exhaustive research project by Timothy Judge, a professor of management at the University of Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business. "Despite their many accomplishments, ambitious people are only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and they actually live somewhat shorter lives," says Judge.

????His study tracked 717 go-getters, born in the early years of the 20th century, and measured ambition, achievement, and various indicators of health and happiness at key points in the subjects' lives, from childhood into young adulthood and beyond.

????Many in the group graduated from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, and other prestigious schools, and then went on to demanding, high-status, highly paid careers. Yet, when compared with a control group of more laid-back peers -- folks with the personality profile psychologists sometimes label Type B -- the high-achieving group was not markedly happier. What's more, the slackers, on average, outlived the high-achievers.

????"We discovered that ambition has, at most, only a very slight positive effect on life satisfaction, and actually a slightly negative impact on longevity," says Judge. "So, yes, ambitious people do achieve more successful careers, but that doesn't seem to translate into leading happier or healthier lives."

????Although the study doesn't address the reasons for higher mortality rates among ambitious people, Judge speculates that "perhaps the investments they make in their careers come at the expense of the things we know affect longevity," such as "healthy behaviors, stable relationships, and deep social networks."

????Note to parents: Pushing kids to aim for the stars, get into a prestigious school, and pursue a high-powered career may not do them any favors in the long run.

????"If your biggest wish for your children is that they lead happy and healthy lives, you might not want to overemphasize the importance of professional success," says Judge. "There are limits to what our ambitions can bring us -- or our kids."

????The study, "On the Value of Aiming High: The Causes and Consequences of Ambition," will appear in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.

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