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歡迎來到自由職業(yè)新時(shí)代

歡迎來到自由職業(yè)新時(shí)代

Gary M. Stern 2012年11月29日
越來越多的人開始走進(jìn)自由職業(yè)者的行列,同時(shí),越來越多的企業(yè)習(xí)慣于把項(xiàng)目交給自由職業(yè)者。自由職業(yè)者技能成熟,而且公司不用負(fù)責(zé)他們的保險(xiǎn)等福利,性價(jià)比相當(dāng)高。同時(shí),許多自由職業(yè)者的收入也在上漲。

????越來越多的人認(rèn)為,二十一世紀(jì)初葉堪稱“美國自由職業(yè)時(shí)代”的開端,亦可以說是其回歸之年。

????自由職業(yè)者求職網(wǎng)站Elance于今年9月調(diào)研了超過3,000名自由職業(yè)者后發(fā)布報(bào)告稱,57%的受訪者稱收入在2012年出現(xiàn)上漲,67%的受訪者預(yù)計(jì)2012年收入將會(huì)有所上漲。

????Elance網(wǎng)站首席執(zhí)行官法比奧?羅薩蒂說,到2012年底,公司網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的招聘自由職業(yè)者的工作崗位接近100萬個(gè),較2011年的65萬個(gè)工作崗位有大幅上漲。他說:“各類公司發(fā)布的‘分包工作’數(shù)量創(chuàng)下了新紀(jì)錄,而且通過這個(gè)渠道招聘了許多對(duì)口的自由職業(yè)者?!鄙鲜稣{(diào)查報(bào)告稱,42%的雇主預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)在2013年招聘更多的自由職業(yè)者。

????羅塞蒂說,創(chuàng)意人員、技術(shù)人員、IT和程序員是自由職業(yè)市場上需求增長最快的崗位。創(chuàng)意人員需要具備多媒體制作技能,IT和程序員也常需要開發(fā)手機(jī)應(yīng)用軟件。羅塞蒂說,招聘市場對(duì)法務(wù)和財(cái)會(huì)自由職業(yè)者的需求也很旺盛。

????過去幾年間,自由職業(yè)者的人數(shù)保持了相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局(the Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù),2009年,有1,530萬美國人自稱自由職業(yè)者。2012年10月,這一數(shù)字為1,490萬人。

????聘用自由職業(yè)者對(duì)雇主來說益處多多。首先便是成本的降低。企業(yè)無需為顧問或是臨時(shí)工作人員提供醫(yī)保、養(yǎng)老金和帶薪假期,有時(shí)甚至連辦公室都不用提供。

????Elance網(wǎng)站上有83%的雇主表示,雇用自由職業(yè)者最主要的動(dòng)因就是完成工作的速度。這些公司稱,很多情況下,自由職業(yè)者的專業(yè)技能和專注工作可以令項(xiàng)目得以更快地完成。羅塞蒂說,一旦自由職業(yè)者入職并了解了企業(yè)文化后,公司就能夠逐漸培養(yǎng)起一支自由職業(yè)者員工隊(duì)伍,能夠又快又好地完成任務(wù)。

????《自由職業(yè)的國度》(Free Agent Nation)一書的作者丹尼爾?平克將最新興起的自由職業(yè)浪潮歸結(jié)為如下幾個(gè)因素。首先,平克稱“疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)令雇主們不愿雇用全職員工”,而自由職業(yè)者卻能“在合適的時(shí)間用合適的技能完成合適的工作”。

????這股浪潮的興起還改變了雇主與雇員之間的社會(huì)契約關(guān)系。“裁員的現(xiàn)實(shí),不僅是一次性的裁員而且還有揮之不去的裁員陰影,改變了雇主和雇員之間討價(jià)還價(jià)的現(xiàn)狀,”平克說。

????Elance網(wǎng)站稱,21%的會(huì)員是因丟掉工作之后才走上了自由職業(yè)者的道路,還有40%的人是將自由職業(yè)的收入作為全職工作收入的補(bǔ)充。

????More and more, it seems the early 21st century will be marked as the beginning -- or return, as the case may be -- of the era of the American freelancer.

????A September survey of over 3,000 independent contractors conducted by Elance, a website that helps freelancers find work, reports that 57% of those surveyed reported an increase in 2012 income and 67% expect their income to rise in 2012.

????Fabio Rosati, CEO of Elance, says that his company's site will have posted nearly 1 million freelance jobs by the end of 2012, a substantial increase from 650,000 in 2011. "Businesses are posting a record number of 'fractional' jobs and hiring freelancers suited to do the work," he says. In Elance's survey, 42% of employers said they anticipate hiring more freelancers in 2013 than the previous year.

????Creative, technical, IT, and programming gigs are the fastest growing in the freelance market, according to Rosati. He says that these creative jobs often call for multimedia skills, and IT and programming often entail mobile app development. Rosati says that freelance legal and accounting workers are also in demand.

????The ranks of the self-employed have held relatively steady over the past few years. In 2009, 15.3 million Americans identified themselves as self-employed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In October 2012, 14.9 million U.S. workers were self-employed.

????Employers enjoy several benefits from hiring freelancers. For one, it keeps their costs down, since consultants or temporary workers don't receive health care and retirement benefits, vacation time, and many do not require office space.

????Eighty-three percent of Elance's employer clients cite speed as a major impetus to hiring freelancers. In many cases, these companies claim, projects are completed faster because freelancers bring special skills and can zero in on each job. Once a freelancer is brought on board and gets a sense of the culture at a company, firms often develop a steady cohort of independent contractors who perform work quickly, Rosati suggests.

????Daniel Pink, author of Free Agent Nation, attributes the recent rise in freelancers to several factors. For one, Pink says, the "dodgy economy has made employers loath to hire full-timers." Freelancers provide "the right talent for the right task at the right time," he says.

????The rise in hiring freelancing has also transformed the social contract between worker and employee. "The reality of downsizing -- not as a one-time occurrence but as an omnipresent possibility -- has altered the bargain," Pink says.

????Elance says 21% of its subscribers started to freelance after they were laid off from their jobs, while 40% started taking contract work to supplement income from full-time jobs.

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