成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
最具影響力商界女性的前世今生

最具影響力商界女性的前世今生

Laura Vanderkam 2013年05月30日
1973年,《財富》盤點收入在3萬美元以上的商界女性,編撰“最具影響力商界女性”,結果發(fā)現(xiàn),符合條件的女性剛剛只能湊足10個。如今,受名額限制,財富“最具影響力的商界女性”排行榜常常需要忍痛割愛。盡管如此,女性的職場環(huán)境仍然有很多地方至今沒有改變。

????1973年,貝蒂?弗里丹的《女性的奧秘》(The Feminine Mystique)一書已經(jīng)問世10年,《Ms.》雜志發(fā)行了第一期刊物。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的資料顯示,那年女性涌入職場,占到勞動人口的40%。擁有學齡子女的已婚女性多半從事著付薪工作。然而,《財富》(Fortune)雜志的溫德姆?羅伯遜在1973年4月的一篇文章中調查了大公司的用人情況,他對這種所謂的女性職場崛起產生了疑問:“她們究竟在哪里?”

????美國勞工統(tǒng)計局的資料顯示,只有3%的職場女性是“管理人員”。羅伯遜寫道:“在最為顯要的職位(也就是公司管理層)上很少看到女性的身影。”

????她們到底有多么罕見?《財富》將目光對準了工業(yè)企業(yè)1,000強和非工業(yè)企業(yè)50強榜單。在這1,300家公司中,有1,220家必須向美國證券交易委員會(SEC)提交報告,披露有關薪酬最高的三位高管和收入超過3萬美元(相當于如今的16萬美元左右)的所有主管的信息。在由此產生的6,500人中,只有11人是女性。在減去一位似乎并未過多參與公司管理的女性后,羅伯遜在一篇名為《大公司里職位最高的10名女性》(The Ten Highest-Ranking Women in Big Business)的文章中簡要介紹了剩余的10位女性。這篇文章顯示了40年來哪些已經(jīng)改變,更為重要的是,哪些未曾改變。

????1973年,女性幾乎不可能晉升到領導職位。羅伯遜寫到,雖然這份榜單上的女性,包括《華盛頓郵報》(Washington Post)的凱瑟琳?格拉漢姆和芭比娃娃(Barbie)的創(chuàng)造者露絲?漢德勒,都是“很有才華、勤奮工作的高管”,但她們也都“受益于家庭關系、婚姻或者她們協(xié)助締造了她們現(xiàn)在管理的那家公司,只有兩人是例外??偠灾齻冎械拇蠖鄶?shù)人不必處理至少兩個問題,而這兩個問題多年來已經(jīng)阻礙了最有才干、最符合要求的女性。她們不是從公司里前途有限的職位干起,她們也不必面對歧視女性的公司等級制度?!?/p>

????諷刺的是,“這些女性顯然都不必工作,實際上,要是沒有家庭關系,她們中有些人根本不會去工作,或者不會擁有輝煌的事業(yè)”。時代明鏡公司(Times Mirror Co.)的多蘿西?錢德勒在她的個人簡介中寫道:“如果我不是諾曼?錢德勒太太,我就不會擁有我曾得到的那些機會?!?/p>

????但羅伯遜寫道:“她們每個人都在各自的公司里發(fā)揮了積極和重要的作用。這是個引人矚目的證據(jù),證明其他的女性管理人才都被浪費掉了。”

????The year was 1973. Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique had been out for a decade; Ms.magazine had published its first issue. Women were pouring into the workforce, hitting 40% of the total working population that year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Over half of married women with school-age kids held a paying job. And yet, as Fortune'sWyndham Robertson surveyed the world of big business in an April 1973 story, he had a question about this supposed female surge: "Where in blazes are they?"

????A mere 3% of women in the workforce were "managers and administrators," according to the BLS, and, as Robertson wrote, "in jobs where visibility is greatest -- i.e. in corporate management -- women are seldom seen."

????How seldom seen? Fortune looked at its list of the 1,000 largest industrial companies, plus the 50 largest companies in six non-industrial businesses. From this list of 1,300 firms, 1,220 had to file proxies with the SEC that provided information on the top three paid officers, and any director earning over $30,000 (equivalent to just shy of $160,000 today). Of the 6,500 names generated that way, a mere 11 turned out to be women. After subtracting a woman who appeared not to be closely involved in running her company, Robertson profiled the others in a piece called "The Ten Highest-Ranking Women in Big Business" that is notable both for showing what has changed in 40 years and, as importantly, what has not.

????In 1973, it was almost impossible for a woman to work her way up the ranks to a leadership role. Robertson wrote that while the women on the list -- which included names such as the Washington Post's (WPO) Katharine Graham and Barbie creator Ruth Handler -- were "highly capable and hard-working executives," they also, with only two exceptions, "were helped along by a family connection, by marriage, or by the fact that they helped to create the organizations they now preside over. In short, most of them did not have to deal with at least two problems that have over the years held back even the most able and qualified women: They did not start out in their companies in jobs with limited futures, and they did not have to work their way through a corporate hierarchy that discriminated against them."

????The irony of this was that "none of these women, obviously, has to work, and in fact some of them wouldn't have -- or wouldn't have had careers -- without the family tie-in." Dorothy Chandler of the Times Mirror Co., reported in her profile that, "If I had not been Mrs. Norman Chandler, I would not have had the opportunities I've had."

????But, as Robinson wrote, "Each of them plays an effective and important role within her corporation -- an impressive bit of evidence that other female executive talent is going to waste."

掃碼打開財富Plus App
亚洲AV片不卡无码久久欣赏网| 日日麻批免费40分钟无码| 波多野结衣精品视频网站| 精品香蕉久久久午夜福利| 毛多水多高潮高清视频| 国产乱子伦对白视频免费| 国产亚洲一区二区手机在线观看| 国产办公室沙发系列高清| 亚洲高清在不卡一区二区三区| 精品少妇人妻AV无码专区不卡| 日韩人妻无码专区综合网| 婷婷妺妺窝人体色www久久| 精品一区二区三区三区| 久久久97精品国产一区蜜桃| 最新国产在线观看福利| 午夜毛片不卡免费观看视频| 欧洲激情无码一区二区三区| 久久AV高潮AV无码AV喷吹| 99久久免费精品高清特色大片| 欧美精品精品一区二区| 久久人人玩人妻潮喷内射人人| 中文字幕高清无码免费看| 国产美女裸体丝袜喷水视频| 日韩精品一区二区三区免费在线观看| 成人免费一区二区三区| 直接观看黄网站免费| 国产精品国产免费无码专区不卡| 国产麻豆天美果冻无码视频| 日本伊人色综合网| 国产成人亚洲综合一区| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 快穿之爱爱做不停H| 动漫精品啪啪一区二区三区| 国产a一级毛片爽爽影院无码| 被按摩的人妻中文字幕| 一区二区性生活观看玖玖资源站国产精品| 久久精品国产福利一区二区| 国产户外野战无码播放在线观看| 越看越湿的啪啪的小说免费| 国产精品久久久久久一区二区| 亚洲国产综合无码一区|