????我們先來做個(gè)小調(diào)查：大學(xué)里哪一個(gè)專業(yè)更有可能出現(xiàn)“畢業(yè)即失業(yè)”的情況，是商務(wù)還是戲劇？后者是非常明顯的答案——尤其是在紐約市或洛杉磯這些地方，可能連你身邊的一位普通服務(wù)員都是在四處試鏡的間隙打打零工的演員。但其實(shí)更有可能面臨失業(yè)的卻是商務(wù)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生。

????薪酬調(diào)研網(wǎng)站PayScale.com利用其數(shù)據(jù)庫中的4,000萬份工作檔案，對(duì)10個(gè)最受歡迎的大學(xué)專業(yè)進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在戲劇專業(yè)畢業(yè)生當(dāng)中，從事的工作與自身技能無關(guān)的比例是一般工作人口的6.9倍。但商務(wù)專業(yè)的情況更加糟糕。這個(gè)專業(yè)的失業(yè)幾率是平均水平的8.2倍。

????簡單來說，這就是所謂的供大于求——商務(wù)專業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生人數(shù)太多，而管理崗位空缺又太少。雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)在穩(wěn)步回升，創(chuàng)造了更多的工作崗位，但美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局（Bureau of Labor Statistics）七月份的就業(yè)報(bào)告顯示，新增工作崗位大都來自零售店、餐廳和酒吧，這些地方提供的工作通常并不需要本科學(xué)歷。

????當(dāng)然，這并不是說學(xué)生們應(yīng)該放棄商務(wù)課程。相反：PayScale表示，一般商務(wù)管理的學(xué)士學(xué)位還不夠。如今，要想進(jìn)入一家公司，通常需要精通一些高需求的領(lǐng)域，比如會(huì)計(jì)或金融，或攻讀一個(gè)MBA，或者（理想狀態(tài)下）兩者兼具。

????得益于《犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查》（CSI）和《海軍罪案調(diào)查處》（NCIS）等電視節(jié)目的影響，刑事司法專業(yè)畢業(yè)的人數(shù)在近幾年突然攀升。PayScale的報(bào)告稱：“畢業(yè)生們都懷揣打擊犯罪和維護(hù)世界和平的夢(mèng)想?！焙孟⑹?，許多畢業(yè)生最終都找到了警察、律師助理和保安等工作。報(bào)告認(rèn)為，這些工作至少與刑事司法有點(diǎn)聯(lián)系。但報(bào)告同時(shí)也表示：“可真正的罪過是，這類工作無法收回四年本科生教育的投資?！边@種現(xiàn)實(shí)使刑事司法專業(yè)的不完全就業(yè)率達(dá)到6.9，與戲劇專業(yè)并列第二。

????其他入選PayScale十大就業(yè)不足專業(yè)的學(xué)科及各自得分分別是：人類學(xué)（5.8），人文科學(xué)（5.6）、歷史（5.5）、心理學(xué)（5）、生物學(xué)（4.9）、英語（4.6）和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)（3.1）。PayScale稱，如果對(duì)上述專業(yè)感興趣，恐怕要多花幾年時(shí)間攻讀研究生課程才會(huì)有出路。

????雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)3.1分的得分相對(duì)較低，但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的本科生最可能從事客戶服務(wù)代表、銀行柜員或零售營業(yè)員——這些崗位通常也不需要有四年大學(xué)經(jīng)歷。PayScale的報(bào)告稱：“許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生都懷有拯救世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的偉大夢(mèng)想。所以，當(dāng)他們意識(shí)到當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可能使得他們無法實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的職業(yè)規(guī)劃時(shí)，往往會(huì)深受打擊?！?/p>

????不過，對(duì)于所學(xué)無所用的畢業(yè)生們來說，至少有一點(diǎn)是值得欣慰的：他們起碼還有一份工作。因?yàn)樵?月份，18至29歲年齡段的失業(yè)率連續(xù)兩個(gè)月保持在16.1%的高位，創(chuàng)下70年以來該年齡段持續(xù)失業(yè)率的最高記錄。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????Here's a quick quiz: Which college major is more likely to lead to a job waiting tables after graduation, business or drama? The latter is the obvious answer -- especially if you spend much time in New York City or Los Angeles, where your average waitperson is just killing time between auditions -- but it's business.

????According to an analysis of 10 popular college majors by PayScale.com, using the 40 million job profiles in its database, theatre grads are toiling at jobs that don't use their skills at a rate of 6.9 times the general working population. But business majors fare even worse. They are 8.2 times more likely than average to be underemployed.

????It's a simple case of supply exceeding demand -- too many candidates with undergraduate business degrees are chasing too few management-track openings. While the economy is slowly but surely creating more jobs, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' July employment report showed that most of them are in retail stores, restaurants, and bars, where bachelor's degrees are usually not required.

????That's not to say that students should shun business courses. On the contrary: A bachelor's in general business administration is no longer enough, PayScale says. Now, getting a foot in the door of the corporate world takes specialization in a high-demand area like accounting or finance, or going after an MBA, or (ideally) both.

????Thanks in part to TV shows like CSI and NCIS, the number of criminal justice majors has soared in recent years. "Graduates imagine solving crimes and keeping the world safe," the PayScale report observes. The good news is that many grads do end up with jobs as police officers, paralegals, and security guards, which the report notes are at least related to criminal justice, adding, "The real crime here is that [these jobs] can be held without paying for a four-year degree." That earns criminal justice majors an underemployment rate of 6.9 -- tied for second place with their thespian peers.

????The rest of PayScale's 10 most underemployed majors and their scores: Anthropology (5.8), liberal arts (5.6), history (5.5), psychology (5), biology (4.9), English (4.6), and economics (3.1). Getting anywhere interesting with any of these will probably require stopping off for a couple of years of grad school first, PayScale notes.

????Even a bachelor's in economics, with its relatively low score of 3.1, will most likely lead to a job as a customer service rep, bank teller, or retail sales associate -- again, positions that don't generally call for four years of college. "Many economics students have big dreams of saving the economy," says the PayScale report. "So it can come as a shock to realize the economy might keep them from realizing their career plans."

????One consolation, however slight, for grads laboring at jobs where they aren't using their education: At least they're working somewhere. In July, unemployment among 18-to-29-year-olds stood at 16.1% for the second month in a row, the highest sustained jobless rate for this age group in nearly 70 years.