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“向前一步”之說有待商榷

“向前一步”之說有待商榷

Colleen Leahey 2013年10月21日
New America Foundation首席執(zhí)行官安妮-瑪麗?斯勞特從自身經(jīng)歷出發(fā)認(rèn)為,女性在職場上未能發(fā)揮全部潛能并不只是因?yàn)榕詡€(gè)人的事業(yè)心不夠,還跟社會(huì)環(huán)境有關(guān),不是光嘴上說一句“向前一步”就能解決問題。她愿意就這個(gè)問題和Facebook首席運(yùn)營官謝莉爾?桑德伯格展開一場積極的辯論。

????今年屬于Facebook首席運(yùn)營官謝麗爾?桑德伯格。過去的一年中,她的新書《向前一步》(Lean In)在職場中引起了轟動(dòng)。這本書面向年輕職業(yè)女性,一半是回憶,一半是建議,很受讀者歡迎,目前已售出上萬本,在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times)暢銷書榜單上獨(dú)占鰲頭。桑德伯格建議女性不要羞于追求事業(yè)成功。她的觀點(diǎn)很有說服力,但似乎和去年夏天另一篇備受矚目的同類文章意見相左。

????雖然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)談不上針鋒相對,但安妮-瑪麗?斯勞特的文章《為什么女性依然不能得到一切》(Why Women Still Can't Have It All)對桑德伯格的“向前一步”倡議發(fā)出了一些不同的聲音。希拉里?克林頓任美國外交部長時(shí),斯勞特是外交部主任級官員。現(xiàn)在斯勞特已經(jīng)離開政府部門,返回普林斯頓大學(xué)(Princeton)教書,為的是有更多的時(shí)間和兩個(gè)十多歲的兒子在一起。在這篇文章中,斯勞特解釋了自己為什么做出這樣的決定,同時(shí)談到了那些迫使她放慢事業(yè)發(fā)展腳步的制度和社會(huì)觀念。在《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)雜志上刊登四天后,已有100萬人讀了這篇文章。

????兩位聰慧的女性就同一問題表達(dá)了大相徑庭、但都有理有據(jù)的觀點(diǎn),這件事本身過于沉悶,所以媒體給它一個(gè)更有噱頭的說法,把它稱為“女性之戰(zhàn)”。

????上周四上午,斯勞特出席了《財(cái)富》(Fortune)雜志在華盛頓舉辦的最具影響力女性峰會(huì)(Most Powerful Women Summit),和《財(cái)富》雜志編輯莉?加拉赫在臺上進(jìn)行了交流(桑德伯格在前一天做了發(fā)言)。斯勞特這樣解釋說:“43歲時(shí),我也有可能寫出《向前一步》。”她說,在人生的那個(gè)時(shí)刻,自己還沒有遇到無法突破的障礙或者不能用錢解決的問題。但到了53歲,情況就變得不一樣了。

????目前斯勞特在非盈利智囊機(jī)構(gòu)New America Foundation擔(dān)任總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官。她從未想到自己的文章會(huì)吸引如此之多的讀者。她這樣定義這篇文章的目標(biāo)群體:聰明而且志向遠(yuǎn)大的女性,但由于個(gè)人或經(jīng)濟(jì)原因不得不在邁向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的道路上后退一步。斯勞特嚴(yán)肅地說:“她們的人生遇到了難題,而她們并不是超人。她們或者資金不足,或者在設(shè)法找一份更有彈性的工作時(shí)吃了閉門羹。”按照《向前一步》所提出的觀點(diǎn),責(zé)任要由個(gè)人承擔(dān),這讓她們“覺得自己像個(gè)失敗者”。

????斯勞特說:“女性的才能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止這個(gè)會(huì)場所囊括的范圍。我認(rèn)為阻礙我們發(fā)揮這些才能的最主要原因是工作和社會(huì)環(huán)境,理想和現(xiàn)實(shí)的差距只是其中很小一部分原因?!彼€引用了比爾?蓋茨的話。后者曾說過,人性有兩大根本動(dòng)力:競爭和關(guān)懷別人。斯勞特認(rèn)為,在社會(huì)中,我們重視競爭,不重視對他人的關(guān)懷。加拉赫就此問道,你打算怎樣改變制度和政策,從而扭轉(zhuǎn)這樣的價(jià)值觀。斯勞特用她母親在晚餐餐桌上的一個(gè)做法為例進(jìn)行了回答。20世紀(jì)60年代,斯勞特的媽媽習(xí)慣于在餐桌上擺幾小筒香煙。斯勞特說:“如果今天你在紐約這樣做,就有可能被捕。這是個(gè)巨大的價(jià)值觀變化。為什么我們對關(guān)懷別人和競爭的價(jià)值評估不能出現(xiàn)變化呢?”

????網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備供應(yīng)商瞻博(Juniper)執(zhí)行副總裁格里?埃利奧特此前曾在IBM和微軟(Microsoft)工作,她對斯勞特表示感謝。格里說,由于家庭方面的原因,自己不得不在事業(yè)處于巔峰狀態(tài)時(shí)退后一步。同時(shí),格里認(rèn)為桑德伯格和斯勞特的觀點(diǎn)都有道理,她說:“我覺得你們倆的唯一區(qū)別在于桑德伯格的孩子很小,而你孩子的已經(jīng)十幾歲了,他們有著天壤之別?!?/p>

????斯勞特笑著回答到,她和桑德伯格的觀點(diǎn)并不對立。斯勞特說,從骨子里說自己是個(gè)女權(quán)主義者。她還解釋說,自己的“人生經(jīng)歷讓她意識到,有數(shù)百萬女性都需要一個(gè)更為寬容的環(huán)境。她們需要的不僅僅是‘親愛的,只要足夠努力你就能做得到’這句話。”

????斯勞特想把關(guān)于自身觀點(diǎn)的對話拓寬一些,而這只會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極作用。她說:“我想(和桑德伯格)進(jìn)行一次辯論,我們倆的態(tài)度都要既誠實(shí)又能賦予人們動(dòng)力?!边@項(xiàng)邀請正在等待桑德伯格的回應(yīng),希望后者能很快意識到,向前一步不一定意味著你必須單槍匹馬、獨(dú)自上陣。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:Charlie?

????It's been Sheryl Sandberg's year. The Facebook (FB) COO took the working world by storm this past year with the publication of her book, Lean In. The part-memoir, part-advice tome for young professional women flew off shelves, selling one million copies and topping the New York Times Bestsellers list. Sandberg pushes for women to not shy away from the pursuit of professional success. Her argument is compelling but seems at odds with another popular dictum on the topic published last summer.

????Anne-Marie Slaughter's "Why Women Still Can't Have It All" adds a different, though far from dissenting, voice to Sandberg's "Lean In" movement. The former State Department director, who worked under Hillary Clinton, left her government job and returned to her teaching job at Princeton in hopes of spending more time with her teenage sons. Slaughter's piece explains that decision and addresses the institutional and social mores that forced her to slow her career. Four days after Slaughter's article was published by The Atlantic, the article gained one million views.

????Having two intelligent women express different, well-reasoned opinions on the same topic was far too boring on its own, so the media declared it a catfight.

????On Thursday morning at Fortune's Most Powerful Women Summit in Washington, D.C., Slaughter sat onstage with Fortune's Leigh Gallagher to clear the air. (Sandberg spoke the day before.) "At 43, I could have written Lean In," Slaughter explained. At that time in her life, she said, she had not encountered a challenge she couldn't power through or solve with money. By 53, she said, things changed.

????Slaughter, who is now the president and CEO of the New America Foundation, never expected her article to appeal to such a large crowd. She described the piece's target: smart, ambitious women who were forced to take a step back from the leadership track due to personal or financial reasons. "Life happened to them, and they weren't superhuman. Or they didn't have enough money, or they got shut out when they tried to have a more flexible workplace," she solemnly said. And the "Lean In" conversation, which puts accountability on the individual, makes these women "feel like failures."

????"I see much less of an ambition gap and much more of a workplace and society that isn't allowing us to use the talent that is multiplied well beyond this room," said Slaughter. She invoked Bill Gates, who once said that there are two fundamental forces in human nature: competition and care for others. In society, Slaughter continued, we value competition and devalue care. Gallagher questioned her point, asking how she intends to alter institutional systems and policy to change such values. Slaughter used her mother's dinner party behavior as an example. In the 1960s, her mother used to put little vases of cigarettes out on the table. "If you did that in New York today, you'd be arrested. That's a huge value change," Slaughter said. "Why can't we have a sea change about the value of caring about each other and the value of competition?"

????Gerri Elliot, an executive vice president at Juniper (JNPR) who previously worked at IBM (IBM) and Microsoft (MSFT), took a moment to thank Slaughter, saying she had to step back from the prime of her career due to a family issue. She then cited her interest in both Sandberg and Slaughter's arguments. "The only difference I see between the two of you is Sheryl has young'uns and you have teenagers and honey, they are completely different."

????Slaughter laughed, then added that she and Sandberg are not on opposite sides. She said she's a feminist to the core, and she reasoned that she "went through a life experience that made me realize that there are millions of women out there who need a bigger tent. They need more than, 'Honey, you can do it if you try hard enough.'"

????Only good can come from Slaughter's attempt to broaden the "having it all" conversation. "I want to have a debate [with Sandberg] where we can be both honest and encouraging at the same time." The invitation's open for Sandberg, who will hopefully soon realize that leaning in doesn't necessarily mean you have to do so alone.

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