美國(guó)年輕工人淪為注定失敗的一代?
????這種令人不安的下行趨勢(shì)能否改變?如果我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始致力于構(gòu)建一個(gè)面向未來(lái)的戰(zhàn)略共識(shí)的話,我相信是可以的。 ????教育依然是起點(diǎn)——這是一切解決方案的前提,但我們目前做的還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。好消息是,全美上下似乎正在就擴(kuò)大兒童早期教育和改造小學(xué)和中學(xué)等問(wèn)題達(dá)成越來(lái)越多的共識(shí),而且獲得了可喜的進(jìn)展。要想讓今天的青年工人在全球舞臺(tái)上競(jìng)爭(zhēng),所有關(guān)于“終身學(xué)習(xí)”的豪言壯語(yǔ)都需要變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。我們現(xiàn)在擁有做到這一點(diǎn)的工具。美國(guó)所有的大學(xué)和社區(qū)學(xué)院都在嘗試“在線”或遠(yuǎn)程課程。同時(shí),許多雇主抱怨說(shuō),新入職的員工不具備恰當(dāng)?shù)募寄芙M合。 ????一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的解決方案是,大學(xué)、社區(qū)學(xué)院和行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖攜起手來(lái),共同設(shè)計(jì)課程和實(shí)際工作體驗(yàn),以改善年輕工人的生產(chǎn)率,讓他們不斷學(xué)習(xí),成長(zhǎng),最終獲得收入更高的好工作。 ????但教育本身還不足以解決低迷的就業(yè)創(chuàng)造和工資停滯問(wèn)題。 ????我在接下來(lái)的幾篇專(zhuān)欄文章中還將提出其他意見(jiàn)和建議,比如企業(yè)不應(yīng)該一門(mén)心思地把短期股東價(jià)值作為唯一的經(jīng)營(yíng)目標(biāo),我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造全新的“下一代”勞工組織,還要設(shè)法更新雇傭政策以適應(yīng)不斷變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)和勞動(dòng)力形勢(shì)。其中一些建議肯定會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)議,我非??释魑蛔x者參與進(jìn)來(lái),暢談各自的真知灼見(jiàn)。通過(guò)一番共同努力,我們或許會(huì)找到共同點(diǎn),最終為下一代制定一份跟我們這一代人曾經(jīng)享有的契約同樣有效的社會(huì)契約。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)) ????本文作者托馬斯?科漢是麻省理工學(xué)院斯隆商學(xué)院教授,以研究勞資關(guān)系、工作和就業(yè)等問(wèn)題著稱(chēng)。他還著有《恢復(fù)美國(guó)夢(mèng):一項(xiàng)面向美國(guó)工薪家庭的議事日程》一書(shū)。 ????譯者:葉寒 |
????Can this downward, disturbing trend be changed? I believe it can, if we start work now on building a consensus strategy for the future. ????Education is still the starting point -- a necessary but far from sufficient solution today. The good news is there appear to be a growing consensus and considerable momentum in the country to expand access to early childhood education and to reform elementary and secondary schools. For today's young workers to compete on a global stage, all the rhetoric about "life-long learning" will need to become a reality. We have the tools to do this now. Every U.S. university and community college is experimenting with "online" or distant courses. And many employers complain that new entrants don't have the right mix of skills. ????The obvious solution is for university, community college, and industry leaders to get together and design the coursework and the on-the-job experiences young workers need to be productive, learn, grow, and gain access to better and higher paying jobs. ????But education alone will not solve sluggish job creation or wage stagnation. ????In my upcoming columns, I'll raise other ideas and proposals, such as moving off the fixation with short-term shareholder value as the sole purpose of the firm, the need to invent new "next-generation" labor organizations, and ways to update employment policies to catch up with the changing economy and labor force. Some will be controversial, and I will invite your comments, ideas, and engagement as we go along. Together, we might just find common ground on a Social Contract that works for the next generation as effectively as the old one worked for mine. ????Thomas A. Kochan is a professor of industrial relations, work, and employment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management. He is author of the book,Restoring the American Dream: A Working Families' Agenda for America. |
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