公平勞動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)如實(shí)披露富士康用工違規(guī)現(xiàn)象
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????公平勞動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)（Fair Labor Association）主席奧瑞特?范?希爾登當(dāng)初應(yīng)蘋果公司（Apple）要求赴一家中國(guó)工廠考察。事后，他評(píng)價(jià)說(shuō)，這家工廠的環(huán)境非常清潔、安靜。這番言論讓勞工權(quán)利維權(quán)人士深感憂慮，仿佛只要一家工廠要求員工必須身著干凈的工作服就會(huì)變成美國(guó)三角內(nèi)衣工廠（the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory，該工廠曾經(jīng)由于管理人員將安全出口上鎖導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)多數(shù)女工未能逃生——譯者注）。 ????維權(quán)人士其實(shí)大可不必?fù)?dān)心。公平勞動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)于周四發(fā)布了初步結(jié)論報(bào)告。他們對(duì)富士康（Foxconn）的三家工廠進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月的調(diào)研，與35,000名工人進(jìn)行了面談。雖然調(diào)研很有可能遺漏一些問(wèn)題，但很顯然，這份報(bào)告并未粉飾、掩蓋實(shí)際情況。公平勞動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)查出了至少四五十起違反協(xié)會(huì)規(guī)定或者中國(guó)勞動(dòng)法的情況。報(bào)告重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了以下這些問(wèn)題： ????? 中國(guó)法律規(guī)定每周工作時(shí)間為40小時(shí)，每月加班不超過(guò)36小時(shí)，而三家工廠的工作時(shí)間都超出了法律規(guī)定。 ????? 近半數(shù)工人表示，他們有時(shí)要毫不停歇地連續(xù)工作11天甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 ????? 64.3%的工人稱他們的薪水（其中一家工廠給工人的月薪為356美元）不足以滿足基本的生活需求。 ????? 員工加班不超過(guò)30分鐘一般沒(méi)有加班費(fèi)。 ????? 富士康平均每月會(huì)聘用27,000名實(shí)習(xí)工，且常常要求他們加班、上夜班，這些都違反了公司的實(shí)習(xí)生用工協(xié)議。 ????? 富士康的工會(huì)組織在很大程度上形同虛設(shè)，部分原因在于工會(huì)委員會(huì)大多數(shù)成員都來(lái)自于管理層。 ????? 公平勞動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)評(píng)估人員發(fā)現(xiàn)有些機(jī)器的傳感器、外罩和擋板有必要安裝自動(dòng)斷流器裝置，以免工人手部伸入機(jī)器造成事故。 |
????Labor rights activists feared the worst when Fair Labor Association president Auret van Heerden, inspecting a Chinese factory at Apple's (AAPL) request, remarked how clean and tranquil he found it -- as if a factory floor where workers are required to wear clean suits would look like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. ????"The facilities are first-class," he told a Reuters reporter after his first day, "the physical conditions are way, way above average of the norm." ????The activists need not have worried. The FLA issued its initial findings Thursday, and while it's quite possible that there were problems it missed in its month-long investigation of three Foxconn factories -- including interviews with 35,500 workers -- it's clear that the report is no whitewash. The FLA found more than four dozen violations of either its own codes or Chinese labor laws. Among the issues highlighted in the report: ????? All three factories exceeded the Chinese legal limits of 40 hours per week and a maximum of 36 hours overtime per month ????? Nearly half the workers said there were periods where they worked 11 days or more without a break ????? 64.3% of workers said that their salary ($356 per month at one factory) was not sufficient to cover their basic needs ????? Employees were often not compensated for overtime when it came in less than 30 minute intervals ????? Foxconn hired an average of 27,000 interns a month and often had them work both overtime and night shifts -- a violation of their internship agreement ????? Foxconn's unions were largely ineffective, in part because a majority of the members of union committees were drawn from the ranks of management ????? The FLA assessors found machines at which sensors, hoods or barriers needed to be connected to automatic cut-out mechanisms to prevent workers from reaching into the machine ? |
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