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專欄 - Allan Sloan

報(bào)社老板貝佐斯要說(shuō)清楚政治觀

Allan Sloan 2013年08月19日

艾倫·斯?。ˋllan Sloan)為《財(cái)富》雜志高級(jí)編輯。出生于紐約布魯克林,1966年畢業(yè)于布魯克林學(xué)院,次年畢業(yè)于哥倫比亞大學(xué)新聞學(xué)院研究生院。他是金融領(lǐng)域的資深記者,2008年以“"House of Junk”一文第七次獲得財(cái)經(jīng)新聞界最高榮譽(yù)杰洛德-羅布獎(jiǎng)(Gerald Loeb Award)。
自稱自由意志論者的貝佐斯一向不愿意多談自己的政治觀。不過(guò),不管貝佐斯現(xiàn)在怎么說(shuō),一旦他收購(gòu)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的交易順利達(dá)成,幾乎可以肯定的是,他會(huì)在報(bào)紙上推行自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和理念。這份報(bào)紙?jiān)谡挠绊懥εe足輕重,因此,身為報(bào)社老板的貝佐斯現(xiàn)在必須說(shuō)清楚自己的政治理念。

????第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)亞馬遜公司(Amazon)創(chuàng)始人杰夫?貝佐斯是自由意志論者時(shí),我不由得放聲大笑起來(lái),因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得這簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)笑話。畢竟,貝佐斯的公司是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)立的,而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是在冷戰(zhàn)期間由聯(lián)邦政府的研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)——高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局建立的。換言之,沒(méi)有阿帕網(wǎng)(ARPANET,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的前身),就沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng),就沒(méi)有亞馬遜,更談不上杰夫?貝佐斯250億美元的個(gè)人財(cái)富了。

????為什么我現(xiàn)在要寫(xiě)貝佐斯呢?你可能心里有答案了,沒(méi)錯(cuò),原因跟你想的完全一樣:此時(shí)正值貝佐斯收購(gòu)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》期間。你可以說(shuō)我幼稚,這無(wú)所謂。但是我覺(jué)得,如果你打算收購(gòu)一家優(yōu)質(zhì)的新聞企業(yè),尤其是像《華盛頓郵報(bào)》這種以叩問(wèn)權(quán)勢(shì)人物為職責(zé)的大報(bào),你得先做好自己被叩問(wèn)的準(zhǔn)備。

????但是叩問(wèn)貝佐斯需要運(yùn)氣。

????我把這期專欄的主題透露給亞馬遜時(shí),亞馬遜連一點(diǎn)回音都沒(méi)有,更別提給我安排采訪了。

????我的同事、《財(cái)富》記者彼得?艾爾金德花了幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間寫(xiě)了一篇值得一讀的封面故事,發(fā)表在6月期的《財(cái)富》上,標(biāo)題為《亞馬遜稅務(wù)大戰(zhàn):一場(chǎng)不那么隱秘的戰(zhàn)斗》(Amazon’s (not so secret) war on Taxes】。撰稿期間,他試圖向貝佐斯詢問(wèn)他的商業(yè)哲學(xué)和個(gè)人哲學(xué),但是對(duì)方含糊其辭。當(dāng)然,這件事情發(fā)生在貝佐斯收購(gòu)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的消息浮出水面之前。

????你要是去找找與貝佐斯相關(guān)的文章——這樣的文章有一大把,包括《財(cái)富》的“2012年度商業(yè)人物”——或者看一看他做過(guò)的訪談,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),每次遇到和自由意志論相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,他都會(huì)含糊其辭。不過(guò)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)這樣一則軼聞還是挺有用的,這還得多虧了亞馬遜前首席技術(shù)官謝爾頓?卡芬提供的信息??ǚ沂秦愖羲构蛡虻牡谝粋€(gè)亞馬遜員工。

????據(jù)卡芬回憶,他曾聽(tīng)貝佐斯說(shuō):“就算政府當(dāng)初沒(méi)有發(fā)明互聯(lián)網(wǎng),私營(yíng)企業(yè)也會(huì)發(fā)明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)?!睕](méi)錯(cuò),私營(yíng)企業(yè)還能打敗前蘇聯(lián)呢。

????這么說(shuō)吧,只要貝佐斯老老實(shí)實(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)亞馬遜,不干別的,那就沒(méi)什么理由關(guān)心他的政治理念。我當(dāng)然也對(duì)此毫無(wú)興趣。但是如果你想收購(gòu)像《華盛頓郵報(bào)》這樣一份日薄西山、卻依然影響重大的報(bào)紙,進(jìn)而一躍成為華盛頓政治生活的一個(gè)重要?jiǎng)萘?,那就不一樣了?/p>

????不管貝佐斯現(xiàn)在怎么說(shuō),一旦他收購(gòu)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的交易按照計(jì)劃于今年秋季順利達(dá)成,幾乎可以肯定的是,他會(huì)在報(bào)紙上推行自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和理念,至少觀點(diǎn)專欄會(huì)成為他的輿論陣地。

????因?yàn)椴还苁呛眠€是壞,這就是報(bào)社老板做的事情——但是我想至少聽(tīng)貝佐斯談?wù)勊睦砟?,?tīng)聽(tīng)他怎么解釋自己相互矛盾的立場(chǎng)和行為:一方面他是自由意志論者,另一方面它的公司賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)——互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的研發(fā)離不開(kāi)納稅人的血汗錢(qián)。自由意志論者的一個(gè)中心理念是,他們的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)在自由市場(chǎng)大受歡迎。而且如果大家懂市場(chǎng),就會(huì)明白,要想實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)的公平與高效,關(guān)鍵在于,要讓盡可能多的參與者知道盡可能多的信息。

????最后想說(shuō)的是,我忘不了魯伯特?默多克1976年從自由主義者多蘿西?希夫手里收購(gòu)《紐約郵報(bào)》(New York Post)之后發(fā)生的事。默多克當(dāng)時(shí)向報(bào)社員工保證,《紐約郵報(bào)》作為嚴(yán)肅大報(bào)的本質(zhì)特征會(huì)得到保留。但是后來(lái)的結(jié)果怎樣,我們都知道。

????信息披露:筆者是《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的退休員工和股票持有者,貝佐斯的《華盛頓郵報(bào)》要是想轉(zhuǎn)載我的文章,請(qǐng)跟《財(cái)富》談去吧。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:Nasca??

????When I first heard that Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, was a Libertarian, I laughed out loud, because I thought it was a joke. Bezos's company, after all, is based on the Internet, which was created during the Cold War by a military research-and-development arm of the federal government, the Advanced Research Project Agency. No ARPANET, no Internet. No Internet, no Amazon, no $25 billion personal fortune for Jeff Bezos.

????Why am I writing about Bezos now? For exactly the reason you might suspect: because of his pending purchase of the Washington Post. Call me na?ve, if you like, but I think that if you're going to own a high-class journalistic enterprise like the Post, whose job is to call powerful forces to account, you should expect to be called to account yourself.

????But good luck trying to get that done when it comes to Bezos.

????When I exposed the thesis of this column to Amazon, I couldn't even get a response, much less an interview.

????When my Fortune colleague Peter Elkind, who spent months working on a must-read cover story in June called "Amazon's (not so secret) War on Taxes," tried to talk to Bezos about his business and personal philosophies, he was stonewalled. That, of course, was before Bezos's deal to buy the Post surfaced.

????If you check the numerous articles about Bezos -- including Fortune's 2012 Businessperson of the Year and the interviews that he's done -- you see that he ducks and weaves when he's asked about Libertarianism. But consider this anecdote, courtesy of Sheldon Kaphan, formerly Amazon's chief technology officer, and Bezos's first hire at the firm.

????Kaphan says he once heard Bezos say: "If the government hadn't invented the Internet, private enterprise would have done it." Yeah, right, and defeated the Soviet Union, too.

????Look. As long as Bezos was doing nothing but running Amazon (AMZN), there wasn't much reason for people to care about his politics. I certainly didn't care about them. But when you're about to become a major force in the political life of Washington by buying a diminished but still immensely powerful outlet like the Post, that's a different story.

????No matter what Bezos says now, once his purchase of the Post closes, scheduled for the fall, he's almost certain to begin imposing his standards and beliefs on the Post, or at least on its opinion pages.

????For better or worse, that's what newspaper owners do -- but I'd at least like to hear from Bezos what his beliefs are, and to have him reconcile the question of his being a Libertarian who's benefited immensely from taxpayers' R&D money. A core belief of Libertarianism is that their ideas will prevail in a free market place. And if you know about markets, you know the key to making them efficient and fair is for as many players to have as much information as possible.

????Finally, I can't forget what happened after Rupert Murdoch bought then-upscale New York Post from its liberal owner, Dorothy Schiff, in 1976. Murdoch assured the paper's staff that he'd retain the Post's essential character as a serious newspaper. And we all know how that turned out.

????Disclosure: I am a retiree of and own stock in the Washington Post Co. (WPO), and the Post pays Fortune for the right to run my work.

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