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????華爾街的朋友們或許正在抱怨獎(jiǎng)金縮水，但金融服務(wù)業(yè)正在經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)稱得上是東山再起的復(fù)蘇。2011年，該領(lǐng)域利潤(rùn)為1,500億美元，較2010年增長(zhǎng)19%。這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于2005年前后達(dá)到的峰值，但較之2008年危機(jī)時(shí)期的巨虧2,130億美元已有長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步。風(fēng)光不再的美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)（AIG）（排第33位）全面復(fù)蘇。2011年，美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)178億美元，較上一年大增100億美元。與福特一樣，利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)的大部分也來(lái)自其稅務(wù)損失價(jià)值的增記。但美國(guó)國(guó)際集團(tuán)也通過(guò)剝離資產(chǎn)和銷售股票將其長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)從1,780億美元降到了750億美元，與此同時(shí)，在首席執(zhí)行官羅伯特?本默切的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下擴(kuò)張核心的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。另外，大宗商品經(jīng)紀(jì)公司INTL FCStone（排第30位）也搭上了全球大宗商品價(jià)格大漲的順風(fēng)車，成為500強(qiáng)公司中每位員工營(yíng)收、每美元資產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造營(yíng)收和每美元凈資產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造營(yíng)收這三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)排名第一的公司。

????在金融領(lǐng)域中，大型商業(yè)銀行的業(yè)務(wù)也出現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇。2011年，美國(guó)銀行（Bank of America）（排第13位） 實(shí)現(xiàn)14億美元利潤(rùn)，扭轉(zhuǎn)了上一年巨虧22億美元的局面。美國(guó)銀行得益的因素包括出售資產(chǎn)（包括部分建設(shè)銀行股份），以及經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境改善導(dǎo)致其信貸成本大幅下降。

????科技領(lǐng)域沒(méi)有像前些年那樣成為利潤(rùn)機(jī)器。科技業(yè)利潤(rùn)僅增長(zhǎng)50億美元，不過(guò)1,560億美元利潤(rùn)仍使之成為貢獻(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最高的行業(yè)，略高于復(fù)蘇之中的金融業(yè)。行業(yè)的整體狀況掩蓋了蘋果（Apple）（排第17位）和微軟（Microsoft）（排第37位）這兩大巨頭的光芒。蘋果利潤(rùn)激增85%至259億美元，受史上最熱銷的兩款消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品iPhone和 iPad的推動(dòng)，這兩款產(chǎn)品一起貢獻(xiàn)了670億美元的銷售額，是2010年數(shù)額的兩倍多。

????微軟也鴻運(yùn)當(dāng)頭，利潤(rùn)大增23%至232億美元。利潤(rùn)貢獻(xiàn)來(lái)自其熱銷的視頻游戲主機(jī)Xbox 360銷售額大增48%，商業(yè)軟件和服務(wù)利潤(rùn)躍升23%?？萍脊芍型虾笸鹊氖敲绹?guó)電話電報(bào)（AT&T）（排第11位）。這家電信公司2010年利潤(rùn)是通過(guò)出售資產(chǎn)而虛增的。相比之下，2011年美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司受到兩項(xiàng)沉重打擊：未能完成T-Mobile 交易而支付42億美元的分手費(fèi)，養(yǎng)老金記賬調(diào)整造成63億美元支出。

????盡管我們的大公司看起來(lái)可能龐大而無(wú)特色，它們也遵從創(chuàng)造性破壞的邏輯。與2010年不同，財(cái)富美國(guó)500強(qiáng)公司里面沒(méi)了房屋建筑商或教育公司的身影。相反，采礦、金屬和能源生產(chǎn)貢獻(xiàn)了新入圍26家公司中的7家。財(cái)富500強(qiáng)公司的狀況起起伏伏。但如今值得關(guān)注的是，大多數(shù)公司如此努力推動(dòng)員工用更少的資源創(chuàng)造更多的價(jià)值。未來(lái)數(shù)年，請(qǐng)注意風(fēng)向?qū)⑥D(zhuǎn)向?qū)T工有利。情況向來(lái)如此。這就是財(cái)富美國(guó)500強(qiáng)公司。

????譯者：早稻米

????Your friends on Wall Street may be complaining about smaller bonuses, but financial services are experiencing a comeback of sorts. For 2011, the sector posted $150 billion in earnings, up 19% over 2010. That's far from its peak in the mid-2000s, but a big stride from the $213 billion loss that the industry suffered in the crisis year of 2008. One tarnished name, AIG (No. 33), is enjoying a remarkable revival. AIG earned $17.8 billion in 2011, up $10 billion over the previous year. Most of that gain came, like Ford's, from a write-up in the value of its tax losses. But AIG (AIG) has also shed assets and sold stock to lower its long-term debt from $178 billion to $75 billion, while growing its core insurance franchises under CEO Robert Benmosche. Meanwhile, commodities broker INTL FCStone (No. 30) rode a global surge in commodity prices, topping the list in revenues per employee, revenues per dollar of assets, and revenues per dollar of equity.?

????The financial sector also saw a revival in the fortunes of the big commercial banks. Bank of America (No. 13) swung from a $2.2 billion loss to a $1.4 billion profit last year. BofA (BAC) benefited from selling assets, including part of its stake in China Construction Bank, and from a sharp drop in its credit costs, a gift from the improving economy.

????Technology wasn't quite the profit machine that it's been in past years. Sector earnings rose by just $5 billion, although tech remains the largest profit-maker at $156 billion, narrowly edging the resurgent financials. The overall picture masks the giant contributions of two trophy names, Apple (No. 17) and Microsoft (No. 37). Apple (AAPL) boosted earnings by 85%, to $25.9 billion, helped by two of the bestselling consumer products in history, the iPhone and the iPad, which together generated $67 billion in sales, more than double the figure in 2010.

????Microsoft (MSFT) also enjoyed a banner year, lifting earnings by 23%, to $23.2 billion. Swelling its results were a 48% gain in sales on its Xbox 360, the bestselling videogame console, and a 23% jump in its profits from business software and services. One soft spot in tech: AT&T (No. 11). The telco's 2010 profits were artificially swollen by asset sales. By contrast, AT&T's (T) 2011 earnings were hit by a $4.2 billion breakup fee for failing to complete the T-Mobile deal, and a $6.3 billion charge for a change in its pension accounting.

????Although our biggest companies may appear monolithic, they're subject to the logic of creative destruction. Unlike 2010, there are no homebuilders or education companies on the Fortune 500. By contrast, mining, metals, and energy production contributed seven of the 26 additions to the list. Good times come and go across the 500. What's remarkable is how well most companies have fared by pushing workers to create more value with fewer resources. In coming years, look for the tide to shift in the workers' favor. It always does. That's the Fortune 500 for you.