成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
法國為什么輸給了德國

法國為什么輸給了德國

Shawn Tully 2013-11-14
諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎得主保羅?克魯格曼在《紐約時報》發(fā)表專欄文章稱,法國選擇了一條勇敢的道路來實現(xiàn)繁榮。但事實上,拖累法國經(jīng)濟(jì)的正是他所贊美的這些政策,比如增加稅收而不是削減開支等。正是2005年以后的決策失誤,導(dǎo)致法國被德國超越。

????20世紀(jì)80年代,我曾以《財富》法國分社社長(Fortune)的身份在巴黎生活了八年。在這期間,我曾報道過一位著名的首席執(zhí)行官(在法國叫PDG),后者以譏諷本國的商業(yè)哲學(xué)為樂。這位通曉法國工業(yè)史的高管曾詼諧地說:“英國人完成了工業(yè)革命。法國人卻只會說,他們完成的是口頭革命?!?/p>

????現(xiàn)在,許多人都在議論法國。但有些人的話與實際情況不符。法國的現(xiàn)狀,從極高的失業(yè)率到普遍存在的低迷,正是經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入困境的真實寫照。然而,有些專家卻想讓人們相信,法國的情況還不錯,而且會變得更好。

????具體來說,我指的就是《紐約時報》(New York Times)專欄作家、諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎獲得者保羅?克魯格曼??唆敻衤淌谡J(rèn)為,法國目前的發(fā)展道路既有勇氣又有見識,堪稱競爭對手的楷模。對此我們應(yīng)該問一問,法國年輕人中那25%的失業(yè)者是否贊同他的觀點。

????克魯格曼教授在周一的《紐約時報》專欄文章中闡述了上述觀點,文章的題目叫《針對法國的陰謀》(The Plot Against France)。它讓我特別感興趣的原因是,克魯格曼教授對我在1月份發(fā)表的文章提出了批評,那篇文章的題目是《無人提及的歐元危機:自由落體的法國》(The euro crisis no one is talking about: France is in free fall)。他說這是“無休止唱衰法國”的行徑之一。

????克魯格曼教授認(rèn)為,批評者為法國提出的緊縮方案并不明智——這類方案主要涉及削減開支,放松管制。他指出,這樣的措施已經(jīng)在其他國家慘淡收場??唆敻衤淌谡J(rèn)為,法國現(xiàn)在的做法完全正確,比如保持高水平的政府開支,無視赤字,選擇增加稅收而不是削減開支。他的結(jié)論是, 外界批評法國的原因是,“它對財政負(fù)責(zé),而這是不可饒恕的罪行”,而且法國的“情況和大多數(shù)鄰國相同,甚至更好”。

????我在自己的那篇文章中強調(diào),近幾年法國的競爭力急劇減弱,出口因此大幅下降,這讓法國在這些年一直處于低增長態(tài)。和克魯格曼教授的觀點相反,我認(rèn)為衡量法國經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢的基準(zhǔn)不應(yīng)該是希臘、葡萄牙和西班牙,而應(yīng)該是德國、美國和一些亞洲國家。它們既是法國的最大消費者,也是它在全球貿(mào)易市場上的對手。德國是法國的最大貿(mào)易伙伴國,把法國過去幾年的表現(xiàn)和它對比能讓人深受啟發(fā)。

????While living in Paris as Fortune's bureau chief for eight years in the 1980s, I wrote a piece on a prominent CEO (or PDG en Francais) who liked to skewer his nation's philosophy of business. "The British had the industrial revolution," quipped this connoisseur of industrial history. "The French just talked. They had the verbal revolution."

????Today a lot of outsiders are talking about France. But some of the rhetoric doesn't adhere to the facts. Everything about France now, from the huge jobless rate to the widespread malaise, defines an economy in crisis. However, certain pundits would have you believe that things are just fine and poised to get better.

????Specifically, I'm referring to New York Times columnist and Nobel Prize winner Paul Krugman. It's worth asking if the 25% of young people who can't find jobs in France would agree with Professor Krugman's view that France is following a courageous, enlightened course that should be a model for competing nations.

????He presented his views on Monday in a Times column headlined "The Plot Against France." I took a special interest in the piece because Krugman criticized a story I wrote here in January, titled "The euro crisis no one is talking about: France is in free fall." He lumped it in as part of a campaign of "incessant negative propaganda."

????Krugman brands France's critics as folks who are unwisely promoting an agenda of austerity -- chiefly spending cuts and deregulation -- that, he argues, has miserably failed in other countries. For Krugman, France is doing just the right thing by keeping government spending at high levels, ignoring deficits, and favoring tax increases over reductions in spending. He concludes that France is being vilified for "the unforgivable sin of being fiscally responsible" and is "performing as well or better than most of its neighbors."

????My story emphasized France's dramatic loss of competitiveness over the past several years, causing a severe drop in its exports and, as a consequence, years of sluggish growth. Contrary to Krugman's argument, the benchmark for France's performance shouldn't be Greece, Portugal, and Spain, but Germany, the U.S., and the Asian nations that are both its biggest customers and rivals in world trade. It's highly instructive to compare France's performance over the past several years with that of its biggest trading partner, Germany.

掃描二維碼下載財富APP
中文字幕日韩人妻在线乱码| 久久久精品久久久久久96| 亚洲欧美日韩国产综合专区| 97久久精品无码一区二区天美| 大学生被内谢粉嫩无套| 亚洲欧美日本国产综合一| 日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月| 久久午夜夜伦鲁鲁一区二区| 国产精午夜一区二区三区不卡久免費資訊| 久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产精品高潮呻呤久久AV无码| 中文字幕人成乱码在线观看| 日韩精品一区二区三区视频| 野花中文免费观看6| 日产无人区一线二线三线观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区第一页| 国产成人无码一区二区三区| 久久99亚洲含羞草影院| 国产xxxx视频在线观看| 精品无码成人久久久久久| 久久精品久久久久观看99水蜜桃| 免费60分钟床上色视频无限| 亚洲AV高清一区二区三区| 欧美极品JIZZHD欧美| 国产精品特级毛片一区二区| 大学生被内谢粉嫩无套| 亞洲人成網站999久久久綜合| 国产极品美女高潮无套| 色综合天天综合网国产国产人| h精品无码动漫在线观看| 含羞草国产亚洲精品岁国产精品| 国产女人喷潮视频在线观看| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品视频三| 麻花豆传媒剧国产聂小倩| 极品美女扒开粉嫩小泬| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区| 国产一区二区不卡老阿姨| 国产精品免费大片一区二区| 99久久久无码国产精品性| 国产成人免费视频精品一区二区| 日韩国产欧美二区高清|