????5月22日，泰國(guó)軍方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在國(guó)家電視臺(tái)宣布奪取政權(quán)。為了“在短時(shí)間內(nèi)恢復(fù)和平和改革政府政策”，軍方成立了“國(guó)家和平與秩序維持司令部”（National Peace and Order Maintaining Command），并解散內(nèi)閣，廢除憲法（現(xiàn)行憲法也是2006年政變的產(chǎn)物），同時(shí)宣布，從晚上10點(diǎn)到凌晨5點(diǎn)實(shí)行宵禁。泰國(guó)82年以來(lái)第19次軍事政變（歷次政變中，有些并沒(méi)有成功）的消息傳出后，全國(guó)電視頻道均播放帶有軍方標(biāo)志的靜態(tài)畫(huà)面和愛(ài)國(guó)歌曲。

????這當(dāng)然不是第一次。泰國(guó)的軍事政變就像美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)大選一樣頻繁。雖然泰國(guó)軍方曾經(jīng)暗示，他們不會(huì)再發(fā)起政變，但第19次軍事政變一點(diǎn)都不意外。經(jīng)過(guò)持續(xù)多年的政治沖突（自上一次政變以來(lái)），泰國(guó)最近再次陷入了政治僵局：數(shù)月以來(lái)，一直有傳聞稱軍方將進(jìn)行干預(yù)，周二，泰國(guó)軍方終于實(shí)行了戒嚴(yán)令。

????這次政變的時(shí)機(jī)也頗為耐人尋味——當(dāng)天下午，泰國(guó)軍方召集各方政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人前往泰國(guó)陸軍俱樂(lè)部，表面上看是要討論如何解決危機(jī)，但后來(lái)的形勢(shì)卻急轉(zhuǎn)直下。（這是泰國(guó)軍方召集談判的第二天，一位軍方發(fā)言人曾稱第一天的談判是“積極的”。）

????很顯然，會(huì)談沒(méi)有成功。軍方扣押了政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，并在電視上宣布接管政權(quán)。第二天，泰國(guó)軍方又逮捕了150人，包括兩周前被泰國(guó)憲法法院趕下臺(tái)的總理英拉?西那瓦。

????那么，對(duì)于泰國(guó)及其已經(jīng)非常脆弱的經(jīng)濟(jì)，這種混亂的局勢(shì)到底意味著什么？

????正如筆者之前所寫(xiě)，泰國(guó)曾成功渡過(guò)多次政變和政治動(dòng)蕩。2006年，從媒體大亨當(dāng)選總理的他信?西那瓦（英拉的哥哥）在上一次政變中被趕下臺(tái)。那次政變甚至被稱作“絲綢政變”，最終也順利結(jié)束。坦克滾滾而來(lái)的第二天上午，泰國(guó)人便走上街頭，向士兵們送上玫瑰花。

????上周早些時(shí)候，華僑銀行（OCBC Bank）分析師巴納巴斯?賈恩曾寫(xiě)道：“歷史上，軍事干預(yù)一直都是結(jié)束政治沖突和建立合法政府的有效方法?！彼a(bǔ)充道，戒嚴(yán)令就像是“苦口良藥”，正是在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上患病的國(guó)家所需要的。

????但我們也有理由認(rèn)為，軍事政變這一次不會(huì)那么美好。自2006年以來(lái)發(fā)生了許多事——其中大多數(shù)都是上一次如絲綢般平滑的軍事政變的副作用。目前住在迪拜的他信處于自我放逐的狀態(tài)，但他在泰國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)仍然有許多支持者，也是泰國(guó)政治問(wèn)題的核心。（自被罷免之后，他信的姐夫、妹妹和商業(yè)密友曾先后執(zhí)掌政權(quán)）。他的政治基礎(chǔ)大多來(lái)自泰國(guó)農(nóng)村，這些地區(qū)越來(lái)越富有，受教育程度也越來(lái)越高，民眾不再愿意接受泰國(guó)精英階層非民主的統(tǒng)治。曼谷今天爆發(fā)的反軍事政變游行就表明了這種現(xiàn)狀，更說(shuō)明軍事政變只會(huì)加深積怨，增加爆發(fā)更多暴力沖突的可能。

????最后，軍事政變對(duì)商業(yè)也沒(méi)有好處。而在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，政變之后的宵禁同樣不利于商業(yè)，而且已經(jīng)影響了游客的計(jì)劃。據(jù)報(bào)道，連曼谷臭名昭著的紅燈區(qū)也已被關(guān)閉。而且泰國(guó)許多汽車(chē)工廠的夜班工人也受到了影響?！咎﹪?guó)的汽車(chē)制造商包括本田汽車(chē)公司（Honda）、豐田汽車(chē)公司（Toyota）和福特汽車(chē)公司（Ford）等?！?/p>

????泰國(guó)安本資產(chǎn)管理公司（Aberdeen Asset Management Thailand）CIO阿迪蒂普表示，泰國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)命運(yùn)很大程度上取決于軍方需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)兌現(xiàn)承諾?！拔磥?lái)的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題仍未解決：將由誰(shuí)來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)臨時(shí)政府，軍方將掌權(quán)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，何時(shí)舉行下一次選舉。臨時(shí)政府的有效性和迅速恢復(fù)民主選舉將是低迷的泰國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能否實(shí)現(xiàn)振興的關(guān)鍵?！?/p>

????但這并不容易。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，造成深度分歧的根本原因依舊籠罩著泰國(guó)，只有解決了這些分歧，才能為泰國(guó)找到持久的解決方案。”（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????Yesterday Thailand's military leadership went on state TV and announced they were seizing power. Vowing to "restore peace in a short time and reform government policy," the generals formed the "National Peace and Order Maintaining Command," dissolved the cabinet, threw out the constitution (itself the product of the country's 2006 coup) and declared a curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. TVs across the country broadcast a static image of a Thai military logo and patriotic songs as news of Thailand's 19th military coup in 82 years—a handful of those weren't successful—sunk in.

????Not a first, certainly. Military coups in Thailand happen almost as often as American presidential elections. And though Thailand's military had hinted they were done with all that, No. 19 was not totally unexpected. Gripped by political conflict for years (since its last coup, really), the country had recently arrived again at political impasse: For months there have been rumors of impending military intervention and on Tuesday, the military imposed martial law.

????Still, the coup's timing was peculiar—a sharp turn in an afternoon that had brought the nation's political leaders to the Thai Army Club, ostensibly to talk their way to a resolution of the crisis. (This was the second day of army-brokered negotiations and a military spokesperson had characterized the first as 'positive.')

????Obviously, that didn't happen. The junta detained the political leaders, and then announced on TV they were taking over. They rounded up 150 more today, including Yingluck Shinawatra, the Thai Prime Minister who was ousted two weeks ago by the nation's Constitutional Court.

????So what does this mess mean for Thailand and its already weakened

????As I've written before, Thailand has traditionally weathered coups and political instability quite well. Its last coup, which ousted media tycoon-turned-PM Thaksin Shinawatra (the brother of the recently ousted prime minister) in 2006, was even called the "silk coup" it went down so smoothly. The morning after tanks rolled in, Thais were on the streets presenting soldiers with roses.

????In a note earlier this week, Barnabas Gan, an analyst with OCBC Bank, wrote, "Historically, a military intervention has been effective in ending political strife and establishing a legitimate government presence." He added that martial law was likely just the Ya Kom, or "bitter medicine," the politically and economically ailing nation needed.

????Yet, there are also reasons to think things will not be so, uh, rosy this go round. A lot has happened since 2006—much of it the fallout from that smooth-as-silk coup. Shinawatra, who lives in self-imposed exile in Dubai, nevertheless remains popular and at the heart of Thailand's political problems. (Since being deposed, he's had a brother-in-law, a younger sister, and a close business crony in the seat of power). His political base, much of which comes from Thailand's rural provinces, is increasingly wealthy, educated, and unwilling to tolerate the undemocratic developments dealt them by the country's elites. That anti-coup demonstrations sprung up today in Bangkok is a show of that and a sure sign the coup will only add to that list of grievances and to the likelihood of more violence.

????Ultimately, that will not be a good thing for business. Nor in the very short term, will the post-coup curfew, which has already disrupted tourist plans—even Bangkok's notoriously seedy red light districts reportedly shut down—and night shifts at the nation's many automobile plants. (Honda, Toyota and Ford are among car manufacturers there.)

????Adithep Vanabriksha, CIO at Aberdeen Asset Management Thailand, says much of the country's economic fate relies on how quickly the junta can live up to their name. "Going forward, key questions remain unanswered: who will lead the interim government, how long the military will remain in control, when the next elections will be held. The effectiveness of the interim government and the speedy return to electoral democracy will be key to reviving the sagging economy."

????That's no easy task. He adds, "Longer term, the underlying reasons for the deep divisions are still haunting Thailand and will need to be addressed before a lasting solution can be found."