????雖然孟山都的創(chuàng)新能帶來適應性更強的農作物、為農業(yè)創(chuàng)造出更多價值，但它也會帶來超級害蟲和超級雜草，轉基因的意外作用還會對消費者造成傷害，專利費也會造成種植者無法盈利。我要說的是，民營行業(yè)解決方案也可能帶來意料之外的問題，特別是在印度這樣自身存在弱點而又剛剛踏上經濟新征程的國家。因此，在敞開大門之前，莫迪政府需要評估讓民營行業(yè)發(fā)揮更大作用所包含的風險（同時加以防范）。

????對印度政府來說，更為敏感的政策包括考察各個行業(yè)的活力，在市場升溫的情況下制定保護勞動者、消費者和企業(yè)的新法律，推動國家基礎設施建設，然后在提出適當要求的基礎上允許企業(yè)進入這些領域。

????至于孟山都，要求它更嚴格地遵守轉基因安全標準，在考慮農民實際經濟困境的情況下降低專利費用，以及為改善糧食經銷體系而進行投資，從而留住這家公司的種子為糧食創(chuàng)造的價值，這樣的期望并非不合理。這樣的政策也許不適于完全自由的市場，但它會更切合實際，更安全，也更有可持續(xù)性。

????鑒于許多跨國公司，比如全食公司（Whole Foods）、谷歌（Google）、大眾汽車（Volkswagen）和迪士尼公司（Disney），都在主動拓寬自身對資本主義的認知、同時提高企業(yè)社會責任的重要性，要求企業(yè)用均衡的行為模式換取從印度經濟潛力中賺取利潤的機會對印度政府來說應該是合理的做法。它有利于印度民眾，有利于新一屆印度政府，最終也有利于企業(yè)。

????本文作者是政治和商業(yè)評論員。他曾在投資銀行Lazard Freres和Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein以及對沖基金公司Ramius任職?，F在他在中型廣播電臺運營商Davidson Media Group擔任董事。他在哥倫比亞商學院獲得工商管理碩士學位，曾撰寫過兩本驚悚小說。（財富中文網）

????譯者：Charlie

????While Monsanto’s innovations can produce more resilient crops and more value for agriculture, they can also lead to the creation of super pests and weeds, harmful effects on consumers due to the unexpected consequences of genetic modification, as well as destroy profitability for growers due to patent payments. The point is that private sector solutions can also create unintended problems, especially for a vulnerable nation like India starting a new economic journey. So the Modi administration needs to evaluate the risks of letting the private sector take a bigger role (and guard against them) before opening the floodgates.

????A more sensible policy would be for the Indian government to examine the dynamics of each sector, write new laws to protect workers, consumers and businesses in a more heated market, promote national infrastructure development, and then allow companies to enter based on well-defined requirements.

????In the case of Monsanto, it would not be unreasonable to expect stricter adherence to genetic modification safety standards, a reduction in prices of patents to take into account the dire financial reality of rural farmers, and an investment in better food distribution systems to preserve the value of the crops produced by the company’s seeds. Such a policy might not conform to a completely free market, but it would be more realistic, safe and sustainable.

????Given that many international businesses, includingmajor corporations like Whole Foods WFM -0.36% , Google GOOG -0.23% , Volkswagen, and Disney DIS -0.17% are themselves widening their view of capitalism and prioritizing corporate social responsibility, India would be justified in demanding balanced behavior from companies in exchange for the opportunity to profit from the nation’s economic potential. It would be good for the people of India, good for its new government and ultimately good for business.

????Sanjay Sanghoee is a political and business commentator. He has worked at investment banks Lazard Freres andDresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein, as well as at hedge fund Ramius. Sanghoee sits on the Board of Davidson Media Group, a mid-market radio station operator. He has an MBA from Columbia Business School and is also the author of two thriller novels.