????雖然孟山都的創(chuàng)新能帶來(lái)適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的農(nóng)作物、為農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)造出更多價(jià)值，但它也會(huì)帶來(lái)超級(jí)害蟲(chóng)和超級(jí)雜草，轉(zhuǎn)基因的意外作用還會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者造成傷害，專利費(fèi)也會(huì)造成種植者無(wú)法盈利。我要說(shuō)的是，民營(yíng)行業(yè)解決方案也可能帶來(lái)意料之外的問(wèn)題，特別是在印度這樣自身存在弱點(diǎn)而又剛剛踏上經(jīng)濟(jì)新征程的國(guó)家。因此，在敞開(kāi)大門(mén)之前，莫迪政府需要評(píng)估讓民營(yíng)行業(yè)發(fā)揮更大作用所包含的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（同時(shí)加以防范）。

????對(duì)印度政府來(lái)說(shuō)，更為敏感的政策包括考察各個(gè)行業(yè)的活力，在市場(chǎng)升溫的情況下制定保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者、消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)的新法律，推動(dòng)國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，然后在提出適當(dāng)要求的基礎(chǔ)上允許企業(yè)進(jìn)入這些領(lǐng)域。

????至于孟山都，要求它更嚴(yán)格地遵守轉(zhuǎn)基因安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在考慮農(nóng)民實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)困境的情況下降低專利費(fèi)用，以及為改善糧食經(jīng)銷體系而進(jìn)行投資，從而留住這家公司的種子為糧食創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值，這樣的期望并非不合理。這樣的政策也許不適于完全自由的市場(chǎng)，但它會(huì)更切合實(shí)際，更安全，也更有可持續(xù)性。

????鑒于許多跨國(guó)公司，比如全食公司（Whole Foods）、谷歌（Google）、大眾汽車（Volkswagen）和迪士尼公司（Disney），都在主動(dòng)拓寬自身對(duì)資本主義的認(rèn)知、同時(shí)提高企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的重要性，要求企業(yè)用均衡的行為模式換取從印度經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力中賺取利潤(rùn)的機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)印度政府來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該是合理的做法。它有利于印度民眾，有利于新一屆印度政府，最終也有利于企業(yè)。

????本文作者是政治和商業(yè)評(píng)論員。他曾在投資銀行Lazard Freres和Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein以及對(duì)沖基金公司Ramius任職。現(xiàn)在他在中型廣播電臺(tái)運(yùn)營(yíng)商Davidson Media Group擔(dān)任董事。他在哥倫比亞商學(xué)院獲得工商管理碩士學(xué)位，曾撰寫(xiě)過(guò)兩本驚悚小說(shuō)。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：Charlie

????While Monsanto’s innovations can produce more resilient crops and more value for agriculture, they can also lead to the creation of super pests and weeds, harmful effects on consumers due to the unexpected consequences of genetic modification, as well as destroy profitability for growers due to patent payments. The point is that private sector solutions can also create unintended problems, especially for a vulnerable nation like India starting a new economic journey. So the Modi administration needs to evaluate the risks of letting the private sector take a bigger role (and guard against them) before opening the floodgates.

????A more sensible policy would be for the Indian government to examine the dynamics of each sector, write new laws to protect workers, consumers and businesses in a more heated market, promote national infrastructure development, and then allow companies to enter based on well-defined requirements.

????In the case of Monsanto, it would not be unreasonable to expect stricter adherence to genetic modification safety standards, a reduction in prices of patents to take into account the dire financial reality of rural farmers, and an investment in better food distribution systems to preserve the value of the crops produced by the company’s seeds. Such a policy might not conform to a completely free market, but it would be more realistic, safe and sustainable.

????Given that many international businesses, includingmajor corporations like Whole Foods WFM -0.36% , Google GOOG -0.23% , Volkswagen, and Disney DIS -0.17% are themselves widening their view of capitalism and prioritizing corporate social responsibility, India would be justified in demanding balanced behavior from companies in exchange for the opportunity to profit from the nation’s economic potential. It would be good for the people of India, good for its new government and ultimately good for business.

????Sanjay Sanghoee is a political and business commentator. He has worked at investment banks Lazard Freres andDresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein, as well as at hedge fund Ramius. Sanghoee sits on the Board of Davidson Media Group, a mid-market radio station operator. He has an MBA from Columbia Business School and is also the author of two thriller novels.